The Network Rail (Cambridge South Infrastructure Enhancements) Order 2022

PART 2WORKS PROVISIONS

Principal Powers

Power to construct and maintain works

6.—(1) Network Rail may construct and maintain the scheduled works.

(2) Subject to article 7 (power to deviate) the scheduled works may only be constructed in the lines or situations shown on the deposited plans and in accordance with the levels shown on the deposited sections.

(3) Subject to paragraph (5), Network Rail may carry out and maintain such of the following works as may be necessary or expedient for the purposes of, or for purposes ancillary to, the construction of the scheduled works, namely—

(a)electrical equipment, signalling and permanent way works;

(b)hoardings and fencing, ramps, means of access and footpaths, bridleways and cycle tracks;

(c)embankments, cuttings, aprons, abutments, retaining walls, wing walls and culverts;

(d)works to install or alter the position of apparatus, including mains, sewers, drains and cables;

(e)works to alter or remove any structure erected upon any highway or adjoining land;

(f)landscaping and other works to mitigate any adverse effects of the construction maintenance or operation of the scheduled works;

(g)works for the benefit or protection of premises affected by the scheduled works;

(h)works to alter the course of, or otherwise interfere with, a watercourse other than a navigable watercourse; and

(i)works to erect and construct offices and other buildings, machinery, apparatus, works and conveniences,

(4) Subject to paragraph (5), Network Rail may carry out and maintain such other works (of whatever nature) as may be necessary or expedient for the purposes of, or for purposes ancillary to, the construction of the authorised works.

(5) Paragraphs (3) and (4) only authorise the carrying out or maintenance of works outside the limits of deviation if such works are carried out on—

(a)land specified in columns (1) and (2) of Schedule 2 (ancillary acquisition of land) for the purposes specified in column (3) of that Schedule;

(b)land specified in columns (1) and (2) of Schedule 3 (land in which only new rights etc. may be acquired) for the purposes specified in column (3) of that Schedule; or

(c)land specified in columns (1) and (2) of Schedule 4 (land of which temporary possession may be taken) for the purposes specified in column (3) of that Schedule relating to the authorised works specified in column (4) of that Schedule.

Power to deviate

7.  In constructing or maintaining any of the scheduled works, Network Rail may—

(a)deviate laterally from the lines or situations shown on the deposited plans to the extent of the limits of deviation for that work; and

(b)deviate vertically from the levels shown on the deposited sections—

(i)to any extent upwards for Work No. 3 in accordance with the deposited plan and for all other Works not exceeding 1.5 metres; or

(ii)to any extent downwards as may be found to be necessary or convenient.

Level Crossings

Level crossings to be stopped up

8.—(1) Subject to the provisions of this article, the level crossings listed in column (2) of Schedule 5 (closure of level crossings) are stopped up and discontinued.

(2) Upon the stopping up and discontinuance of the level crossings referred to in paragraph (1) all rights of way (whether public or private) over those crossings are extinguished.

(3) In respect of the level crossings listed in Schedule 5 paragraphs (1) and (2) are not to have effect until the new access specified in column (3) in relation to that level crossing has or have been provided for authorised users and is or are open for use.

(4) Any person who suffers loss by reason of the extinguishment of any private right of way under this article is entitled to compensation to be determined, in the case of dispute, under Part 1 of the 1961 Act.

Streets

Power to alter layout etc., of streets

9.—(1) Network Rail may for the purposes of the authorised works alter the layout of, or carry out any works in, the streets specified in columns (1) and (2) of Schedule 6 (streets subject to alteration of layout) in the manner specified in relation to that street in column (3) of that Schedule.

(2) Without limitation on the scope of the specific powers conferred by paragraph (1), but subject to paragraph (3), Network Rail may, for the purposes of constructing and maintaining any scheduled work, alter the layout of any street within the Order limits and the layout of any street having a junction with such a street; and, without limitation on the scope of that power, Network Rail may—

(a)increase the width of the carriageway of the street by reducing the width of any kerb, footpath, footway, cycle track or verge within the street;

(b)alter the level or increase the width of any such kerb, footpath, footway, cycle track or verge;

(c)reduce the width of the carriageway of the street; and

(d)temporarily remove any road hump within the street.

(3) Network Rail must restore to the reasonable satisfaction of the street authority any street which has been temporarily altered under this article.

(4) The powers conferred by paragraph (2) must not be exercised without the consent of the street authority, but such consent must not be unreasonably withheld.

(5) If within 28 days of receiving an application for consent under paragraph (4) a street authority fails to notify Network Rail of its decision or refuses consent without giving any grounds for its refusal, that street authority is deemed to have granted consent.

Power to execute street works

10.—(1) Network Rail may, for the purposes of the authorised works, enter upon any of the streets specified in Schedule 7 (streets subject to street works) as are within the Order limits to the extent necessary and may—

(a)break up or open the street, or any sewer, drain or tunnel under it;

(b)place apparatus in the street;

(c)maintain apparatus in the street or change its position; and

(d)execute any works required for or incidental to any works referred to in sub-paragraphs (a), (b) and (c).

(2) In this article “apparatus” has the same meaning as in Part 3 of the 1991 Act.

Temporary stopping up of streets

11.—(1) Network Rail, during and for the purposes of the execution of the authorised works, may temporarily stop up, alter or divert any street and may for any reasonable time—

(a)divert the traffic from the street; and

(b)subject to paragraph (3), prevent all persons from passing along the street.

(2) Without limitation on the scope of paragraph (1), Network Rail may use any street stopped up under the powers conferred by this article within the Order limits as a temporary working site.

(3) Network Rail must provide reasonable access for pedestrians going to or from premises abutting a street affected by the temporary stopping up, alteration or diversion of a street under this article if there would otherwise be no such access.

(4) Without limitation on the scope of paragraph (1), Network Rail may temporarily stop up, alter or divert the streets specified in columns (1) and (2) of Schedule 8 (streets to be temporarily stopped up) to the extent specified in column (3) of that Schedule.

(5) Network Rail must not exercise the powers conferred by this article—

(a)in relation to any street specified as mentioned in paragraph (4) without first consulting the street authority and in relation to Long Road access track only (as identified in columns (1) and (2) of Schedule 8) St Mary’s School; and

(b)in relation to any other street without the consent of the street authority which may attach reasonable conditions to any consent, but such consent must not be unreasonably withheld;

(6) Any person who suffers loss by the suspension of any private right of way under this article is entitled to compensation to be determined, in case of dispute, as if it were a dispute under Part 1 of the 1961 Act.

(7) If within 28 days of receiving an application for consent under paragraph (5)(b) a street authority fails to notify Network Rail of its decision or refuses consent without giving any grounds for its refusal that street authority is deemed to have granted consent.

Construction and maintenance of new or altered highways

12.—(1) Any highway (including a shared footpath/cycleway) to be constructed under this Order must be completed to the reasonable satisfaction of the highway authority and, unless otherwise agreed in writing between Network Rail and the highway authority in whose area the highway lies, must be maintained by and at the expense of Network Rail for a period of 12 months from its completion and from the expiry of that period by and at the expense of the highway authority.

(2) Where a highway is altered or diverted under this Order, the altered or diverted part of the highway must, when completed to the reasonable satisfaction of the highway authority in whose area the highway lies, unless otherwise agreed in writing with the highway authority, be maintained by and at the expense of Network Rail for a period of 12 months from its completion and from the expiry of that period by and at the expense of the highway authority.

(3) Paragraphs (1) and (2) do not apply in relation to the structure of any bridge or tunnel carrying a highway over or under any railway of Network Rail.

(4) In any action against Network Rail in respect of loss or damage resulting from any failure by it to maintain a highway under this article, it is a defence (without affecting any other defence or the application of the law relating to contributory negligence) to prove that Network Rail had taken such care as in all the circumstances was reasonably required to secure that the part of the highway to which the action relates was not dangerous to traffic.

(5) For the purposes of a defence under paragraph (4), the court must in particular have regard to the following matters—

(a)the character of the highway and the traffic which was reasonably to be expected to use it;

(b)the standard of maintenance appropriate for a highway of that character and used by such traffic;

(c)the state of repair in which a reasonable person would have expected to find the highway;

(d)whether Network Rail knew, or could reasonably have been expected to know, that the condition of the part of the highway to which the action relates was likely to cause danger to users of the highway; and

(e)where Network Rail could not reasonably have been expected to repair that part of the highway before the cause of action arose, what warning notices of its condition had been displayed,

but for the purposes of such a defence it is not relevant to prove that Network Rail had arranged for a competent person to carry out or supervise the maintenance of the part of the highway to which the action relates unless it is also proved that Network Rail had given the competent person proper instructions with regard to the maintenance of the highway and that the competent person had carried out those instructions.

Access to works

13.—(1) Network Rail may, for the purposes of the authorised works—

(a)form and lay out means of access, or improve existing means of access, in the locations specified in columns (1) and (2) of Schedule 9 (access to works); and

(b)with the approval of the highway authority, form and lay out such other means of access or improve existing means of access, at such locations within the Order limits as Network Rail reasonably requires for the purposes of the authorised works.

(2) If a highway authority fails to notify Network Rail of its decision within 28 days of receiving an application for approval under paragraph (1)(b), that highway authority is deemed to have granted approval.

Use of private roads for construction and operation

14.—(1) Network Rail may use any private road within the Order limits for the passage of persons or vehicles (with or without materials, plant and machinery) for the purposes of, or in connection with, the construction and operation of the authorised works.

(2) Network Rail must compensate the person liable for the repair of a road to which paragraph (1) applies for any loss or damage which that person may suffer by reason of the exercise of the power conferred by paragraph (1).

(3) Any dispute as to a person’s entitlement to compensation under paragraph (2), or as to the amount of such compensation, is to be determined as if it were a dispute under Part 1 of the 1961 Act.

Agreements with street authorities

15.—(1) A street authority and Network Rail may enter into agreements with respect to—

(a)the construction of any new street (including any structure carrying the street over or under a railway) under the powers conferred by this Order;

(b)the strengthening, improvement, repair or reconstruction of any street under the powers conferred by this Order;

(c)the maintenance of the structure of any bridge constructed under the powers conferred by this Order;

(d)any stopping up, alteration or diversion of a street under the powers conferred by this Order; or

(e)the execution in the street of any of the works referred to in article 10(1) (power to execute street works).

(2) Such an agreement may, without limitation on the scope of paragraph (1)—

(a)make provision for the street authority to carry out any function under this Order which relates to the street in question; and

(b)contain such terms as to payment and otherwise as the parties consider appropriate.

Supplemental Powers

Discharge of water

16.—(1) Network Rail may use any watercourse or any public sewer or drain for the drainage of water in connection with the construction or maintenance of the authorised works and for that purpose may lay down, take up and alter pipes and may, on any land within the Order limits, make openings into, and connections with, the watercourse, public sewer or drain.

(2) Any dispute arising from the exercise of the powers conferred by paragraph (1) to connect to or use a public sewer or drain is to be determined as if it were a dispute under section 106 (right to communicate with public sewers) of the Water Industry Act 1991(1).

(3) Network Rail must not discharge any water into any watercourse, public sewer or drain except with the consent of the person to whom it belongs; and such consent may be given subject to such terms and conditions as that person may reasonably impose, but must not be unreasonably withheld.

(4) Network Rail must not make any opening into any public sewer or drain except—

(a)in accordance with plans approved by the person to whom the sewer or drain belongs, but such approval must not be unreasonably withheld; and

(b)where that person has been given the opportunity to supervise the making of the opening.

(5) Network Rail must not, in the exercise of the powers conferred by this article, damage or interfere with the bed or banks of any watercourse forming part of a main river.

(6) Network Rail must take such steps as are reasonably practicable to secure that any water discharged into a watercourse or public sewer or drain under the powers conferred by this article is as free as may be practicable from gravel, soil or other solid substance, oil or matter in suspension.

(7) Nothing in this article overrides the requirement for an environmental permit under regulation 12(1)(b) (requirement for an environmental permit) of the 2016 Regulations(2).

(8) If a person who receives an application for consent or approval fails to notify Network Rail of a decision within 28 days of receiving an application for consent under paragraph (3) or approval under paragraph (4)(a) that person is deemed to have granted consent or given approval, as the case may be.

(9) In this article—

(a)“public sewer or drain” means a sewer or drain which belongs to a sewerage undertaker, the Environment Agency, an internal drainage board, or a local authority; and

(b)other expressions, excluding watercourse, used both in this article and in the Water Resources Act 1991(3) have the same meaning as in that Act.

Protective works to buildings

17.—(1) Subject to the following provisions of this article, Network Rail may at its own expense carry out such protective works to any building lying within the Order limits as Network Rail considers to be necessary or expedient.

(2) Protective works may be carried out—

(a)at any time before or during the construction in the vicinity of a building of any part of the authorised works; or

(b)after the completion of the construction of that part of the authorised works in the vicinity of a building at any time up to the end of the period of 5 years beginning with the day on which that part of the authorised works is first opened for use.

(3) For the purpose of determining how the functions under this article are to be exercised Network Rail may (subject to paragraph (5)) enter and survey any building falling within paragraph (1) and any land within its curtilage.

(4) For the purpose of carrying out protective works under this article to a building Network Rail may (subject to paragraphs (5) and (6))—

(a)enter the building and any land within its curtilage; and

(b)where the works cannot be carried out reasonably conveniently without entering land which is adjacent to a building but outside its curtilage, enter the adjacent land (but not any building erected on it).

(5) Before exercising—

(a)a right under paragraph (1) to carry out protective works to a building;

(b)a right under paragraph (3) to enter a building and land within its curtilage;

(c)a right under paragraph (4)(a) to enter a building and land within its curtilage; or

(d)a right under paragraph (4)(b) to enter land,

Network Rail must, except in the case of emergency, serve on the owners and occupiers of the building or land not less than 14 days’ notice of its intention to exercise that right and, in a case falling within sub-paragraph (a) or (c), specifying the protective works proposed to be carried out.

(6) Where a notice is served under paragraph (5)(a), (5)(c) or (5)(d), the owner or occupier of the building or land concerned may, by serving a counter-notice within the period of 10 days beginning with the day on which the notice was served, require the question whether it is necessary or expedient to carry out the protective works or to enter the building to be referred to arbitration under article 44 (arbitration).

(7) Network Rail must compensate the owners and occupiers of any building or land in relation to which the powers conferred by this article have been exercised for any loss or damage arising to them by reason of the exercise of those powers.

(8) Where-

(a)protective works are carried out under this article to a building; and

(b)within the period of 5 years beginning with the day on which the part of the authorised works constructed in the vicinity of the building is first opened for use it appears that the protective works are inadequate to protect the building against damage caused by the construction or operation of that part of the authorised works,

Network Rail must compensate the owners and occupiers of the building for any loss or damage sustained by them.

(9) Without affecting article 43 (no double recovery) nothing in this article relieves Network Rail from any liability to pay compensation under section 10(2)(4) (further provision as to compensation for injurious affection) of the 1965 Act.

(10) Any compensation payable under paragraph (7) or (8) is to be determined, in case of dispute, as if it were a dispute under Part 1 of the 1961 Act.

(11) In this article “protective works” in relation to a building means—

(a)underpinning, strengthening and any other works the purpose of which is to prevent damage which may be caused to the building by the construction, maintenance or operation of the authorised works;

(b)any works the purpose of which is to remedy any damage which has been caused to the building by the construction, maintenance or operation of the authorised works; and

(c)any works the purpose of which is to secure the safe operation of the authorised works or to prevent or minimise the risk of such operation being disrupted.

Power to survey and investigate land

18.—(1) Network Rail may for the purposes of this Order—

(a)survey or investigate any land shown within the Order limits;

(b)without limitation on the scope of sub-paragraph (a), make trial holes and/or boreholes in such positions on the land as Network Rail thinks fit to investigate the nature of the surface layer and subsoil and remove soil samples;

(c)without limitation on the scope of sub-paragraph (a), carry out ecological or archaeological investigations on such land;

(d)place on, leave on and remove from the land apparatus for use in connection with the survey and investigation of land and making of trial holes and/or boreholes; and

(e)enter on the land for the purpose of exercising the powers conferred by sub-paragraphs (a) to (d).

(2) No land may be entered or equipment placed or left on or removed from the land under paragraph (1) unless at least 7 days’ notice has been served on every owner and occupier of the land.

(3) Notice given in accordance with paragraph (2) must include—

(a)a statement of the recipient’s rights under paragraph (15); and

(b)a copy of any warrant issued under paragraph (8).

(4) If Network Rail proposes to do any of the following, the notice must include details of what is proposed—

(a)searching, boring or excavating;

(b)leaving apparatus on the land;

(c)taking samples;

(d)an aerial survey;

(e)carrying out any other activities that may be required to facilitate compliance with the instruments mentioned in paragraph (5).

(5) The instruments referred to in paragraph (4)(e) are—

(a)Directive 2011/92/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment(5); or

(b)Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 of the on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora(6).

(6) If Network Rail obtains a warrant after giving notice in accordance with paragraph (2) it must give a copy of the warrant to all those to whom it gave that notice.

(7) Any person entering land under this article on behalf of Network Rail—

(a)must, if so required, before or after entering the land produce written evidence of authority to do so including any warrant issued under paragraph (8);

(b)may not use force unless a justice of the peace has issued a warrant under paragraph (8) authorising the person to do so;

(c)may take onto the land such vehicles and equipment as are necessary to carry out the survey or investigation or to make the trial holes;

(d)may only enter and survey at a reasonable time; and

(e)must, if the land is unoccupied or the occupier is absent from the land when the person enters it, leave it as secure against trespassers as when the person entered it.

(8) A justice of the peace may issue a warrant authorising a person to use force in the exercise of the power conferred by this article if satisfied—

(a)that another person has prevented or is likely to prevent the exercise of that power; and

(b)that it is reasonable to use force in the exercise of that power.

(9) The force that may be authorised by a warrant is limited to that which is reasonably necessary.

(10) A warrant authorising the person to use force must specify the number of occasions on which Network Rail can rely on the warrant when entering and surveying or valuing land.

(11) The number specified must be the number which the justice of the peace considers appropriate to achieve the purpose for which the entry and survey or valuation are required.

(12) Any evidence in proceedings for a warrant under this article must be given on oath.

(13) No trial holes are to be made under this article—

(a)in a carriageway or footway without the consent of the highway authority; or

(b)in a private street without the consent of the street authority,

but such consent must not be unreasonably withheld.

(14) If either a highway authority or a street authority which receives an application for consent fails to notify Network Rail of its decision within 28 days of receiving the application for consent-

(a)under paragraph (13)(a) in the case of a highway authority; or

(b)under paragraph (13)(b) in the case of a street authority,

that authority is deemed to have granted consent.

(15) Network Rail must compensate the owners and occupiers of the land for any loss or damage arising by reason of the exercise of the powers conferred by this article, such compensation to be determined, in case of dispute, as if it were a dispute under Part 1 of the 1961 Act.