Maintenance Orders (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1972

Part IU.K. Reciprocal Enforcement of Maintenance Orders made in United Kingdom or Reciprocating Country

Designation of reciprocating countriesU.K.

1 Orders in Council designating reciprocating countries.U.K.

(1)Her Majesty, if satisfied that, in the event of the benefits conferred by this Part of this Act being applied to, or to particular classes of, maintenance orders made by the courts of any country or territory outside the United Kingdom, similar benefits will in that country or territory be applied to, or to those classes of, maintenance orders made by the courts of the United Kingdom, may by Order in Council designate that country or territory as a reciprocating country for the purposes of this Part of this Act; and, subject to subsection (2) below, in this Part of this Act “reciprocating country” means a country or territory that is for the time being so designated.

(2)A country or territory may be designated under subsection (1) above as a reciprocating country either as regards maintenance orders generally, or as regards maintenance orders other than those of any specified class, or as regards maintenance orders of one or more specified classes only; and a country or territory which is for the time being so designated otherwise than as regards maintenance orders generally shall for the purposes of this Part of this Act be taken to be a reciprocating country only as regards maintenance orders of the class to which the designation extends.

Orders made by courts in the United KingdomU.K.

2 Transmission of maintenance order made in United Kingdom for enforcement in reciprocating country. U.K.

(1)Subject to subsection (2) below, where the payer under a maintenance order made, whether before or after the commencement of this Part of this Act, by a court in the United Kingdom is residing [F1or has assets] in a reciprocating country, the payee under the order may apply for the order to be sent to that country for enforcement.

(2)Subsection (1) above shall not have effect in relation to a provisional order or to an order made by virtue of a provision of Part II of this Act.

(3)Every application under this section shall be made in the prescribed manner to the prescribed officer of the court which made the maintenance order to which the application relates.

(4)If, on an application duly made under this section to the prescribed officer of a court in the United Kingdom, that officer is satisfied that the payer under the maintenance order to which the application relates is residing [F1or has assets] in a reciprocating country, the following documents, that is to say—

(a)a certified copy of the maintenance order;

(b)a certificate signed by that officer certifying that the order is enforceable in the United Kingdom;

(c)a certificate of arrears so signed;

(d)a statement giving such information as the officer possesses as to the whereabouts of the payer [F2and the nature and location of his assets in that country];

(e)a statement giving such information as the officer possesses for facilitating the identification of the payer; and

(f)where available, a photograph of the payer;

shall be sent by that officer to the Secretary of State with a view to their being transmitted by the Secretary of State to the responsible authority in the reciprocating country if he is satisfied that the statement relating to the whereabouts of the payer [F2and the nature and location of his assets in that country] gives sufficient information to justify that being done.

(5)Nothing in this section shall be taken as affecting any jurisdiction of a court in the United Kingdom with respect to a maintenance order to which this section applies, and any such order may be enforced, varied or revoked accordingly.

3 Power of F3... court to make provisional maintenance order against person residing in reciprocating country.U.K.

[F4(1)Where an application is made to [F5the family court] for a maintenance order against a person residing in a reciprocating country and the court would have jurisdiction to determine the application under the Domestic Proceedings and Magistrates’ Courts Act 1978 or the Children Act 1989 if that person—

(a)were [F6habitually resident] in England and Wales, and

(b)received reasonable notice of the date of the hearing of the application,

the court shall (subject to subsection (2) below) have jurisdiction to determine the application.]

(2)A maintenance order made by virtue of this section shall be a provisional order.

[F7(3)If the court hearing a complaint to which subsection (1) above applies is satisfied—

(a)that there are grounds on which a maintenance order containing a provision requiring the making of payments for the maintenance of a child may be made on that complaint, but

(b)that it has no jurisdiction to make that order unless it also makes an order providing for the legal custody of that child,

then, for the purpose of enabling the court to make the maintenance order, the complainant shall be deemed to be the person to whom the legal custody of that child has been committed by an order of the court which is for the time being in force.]

[F8(4)No enactment (or provision made under an enactment) requiring or enabling—

[F9(za)a court to transfer proceedings from the family court to the High Court,]

(a)a court to transfer proceedings from a magistrates’ court [F10in Northern Ireland] to a county court or the High Court [F11of Justice in Northern Ireland], or

(b)a magistrates’ court [F10in Northern Ireland] to refuse to make an order on an application on the ground that any matter in question is one that would be more conveniently dealt with by the High Court [F11of Justice in Northern Ireland],

shall apply in relation to an application to which subsection (1) above applies.]

(5)Where a court makes a maintenance order which is by virtue of this section a provisional order, the following documents, that is to say—

(a)a certified copy of the maintenance order;

(b)a document, authenticated in the prescribed manner, setting out or summarising the evidence given in the proceedings;

(c)a certificate signed by the prescribed officer of the court certifying that the grounds stated in the certificate are the grounds on which the making of the order might have been opposed by the payer under the order;

(d)a statement giving such information as was available to the court as to the whereabouts of the payer;

(e)a statement giving such information as the officer possesses for facilitating the identification of the payer; and

(f)where available, a photograph of the payer;

shall be sent by that officer to the Secretary of State with a view to their being transmitted by the Secretary of State to the responsible authority in the reciprocating country in which the payer is residing if he is satisfied that the statement relating to the whereabouts of the payer gives sufficient information to justify that being done.

(6)A maintenance order made by virtue of this section which has been confirmed by a competent court in a reciprocating country shall be treated for all purposes as if the F12... court which made the order had made it in the form in which it was confirmed and as if the order had never been a provisional order, and subject to section 5 of this Act, any such order may be enforced, varied or revoked accordingly.

[F13(7)In the application of this section to Northern Ireland—

(a)for subsection (1) there shall be substituted—

“(1)Where an application is made to a magistrates’ court against a person residing in a reciprocating country and the court would have jurisdiction to determine the application under the Domestic Proceedings (Northern Ireland) Order 1980 or the Children (Northern Ireland) Order 1995 if that person—

(a)were [F14habitually resident] in Northern Ireland, and

(b)received reasonable notice of the date of the hearing of the application,

the court shall (subject to subsection (2) below) have jurisdiction to determine the application.”

F15(b). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ]

4 Power of sheriff to make provisional maintenance order against person residing in reciprocating country.U.K.

[F16(1)In any action where the sheriff has jurisdiction by virtue of subsection (2) and the defender resides in a reciprocating country, any maintenance order granted by the sheriff shall be a provisional order.]

[F17(2)In matters relating to maintenance, a person may be sued in the courts for the place where the pursuer is domiciled or habitually resident or, if the matter is ancillary to proceedings concerning the status of a person, in the court which has jurisdiction to entertain those proceedings, provided than an action of affiliation and aliment shall be treated as a matter relating to maintenance which is not ancillary to proceedings concerning the status of a person.]

F18(3). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(4)In any action [referred to in] subsection (1) above—

(a)it shall not be necessary for the pursuer to obtain a warrant for the citation of any person, and the action may commence and proceed without such citation;

(b)no decree shall be granted in favour of the pursuer unless the grounds of action have been substantiated by sufficient evidence, and section 36(3) of the M1Sheriff Courts (Scotland) Act 1971 shall not apply in relation to any such action which is a summary cause.

(5)No enactment empowering the sheriff to remit an action to the Court of Session shall apply in relation to proceedings [referred to in] subsection (1) above.

(6)Section 3(5) and (6) of this Act shall apply for the purposes of this section as they apply for the purposes of that section, with the substitution, for references to [F19a court that are references to the family court or] a magistrates’ court, of references to the sheriff.

F20(7). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5 Variation and revocation of maintenance order made in United Kingdom.U.K.

(1)This section applies to a maintenance order a certified copy of which has been sent to a reciprocating country in pursuance of section 2 of this Act and to a maintenance order made by virtue of section 3 or 4 thereof which has been confirmed by a competent court in such a country.

(2)A court in the United Kingdom having power to vary a maintenance order to which this section applies shall have power to vary that order by a provisional order.

(3)Where the court hearing an application for the variation of a maintenance order to which this section applies proposes to vary it by increasing the rate of the payments under the order then, unless either—

(a)both the payer and the payee under the order appear in the proceedings, or

(b)the applicant appears and the appropriate process has been duly served on the other party,

the order varying the order shall be a provisional order.

F21(3A). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

[F22(3B)Where paragraph (1) of Article 86 of the Magistrates’ Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981 applies in relation to a maintenance order to which this section applies, that paragraph shall have effect as if for the words “by order on complaint,” there were substituted “on an application being made, by order”.]

(4)Where a court in the United Kingdom makes a provisional order varying a maintenance order to which this section applies, the prescribed officer of the court shall send in the prescribed manner to the court in a reciprocating country having power to confirm the provisional order a certified copy of the provisional order together with a document, authenticated in the prescribed manner, setting out or summarising the evidence given in the proceedings.

(5)Where a certified copy of a provisional order made by a court in a reciprocating country, being an order varying or revoking a maintenance order to which this section applies, together with a document, duly authenticated, setting out or summarising the evidence given in the proceedings in which the provisional order was made, is received by the court in the United Kingdom which made the maintenance order, that court may confirm or refuse to confirm the provisional order and, if that order is an order varying the maintenance order, confirm it either without alteration or with such alterations as it thinks reasonable.

(6)For the purpose of determining whether a provisional order should be confirmed under subsection (5) above, the court shall proceed as if an application for the variation or revocation, as the case may be, of the maintenance order in question had been made to it.

(7)Where a maintenance order to which this section applies has been varied by an order (including a provisional order which has been confirmed) made by a court in the United Kingdom or by a competent court in a reciprocating country, the maintenance order shall, as from [F23the date on which under the provisions of the order the variation is to take effect], have effect as varied by that order and, where that order was a provisional order, as if that order had been made in the form in which it was confirmed and as if it had never been a provisional order.

(8)Where a maintenance order to which this section applies has been revoked by an order made by a court in the United Kingdom or by a competent court in a reciprocating country, including a provisional order made by the last-mentioned court which has been confirmed by a court in the United Kingdom, the maintenance order shall, as from [F24the date on which under the provisions of the order the revocation is to take effect], be deemed to have ceased to have effect except as respects any arrears due under the maintenance order at that date.

(9)Where before a maintenance order made by virtue of section 3 or 4 of this Act is confirmed a document, duly authenticated, setting out or summarising evidence taken in a reciprocating country for the purpose of proceedings relating to the confirmation of the order is received by the court in the United Kingdom which made the order, or that court, in compliance with a request made to it by a court in such a country, takes the evidence of a person residing in the United Kingdom for the purpose of such proceedings, the court in the United Kingdom which made the order shall consider that evidence and if, having done so, it appears to it that the order ought not to have been made—

(a)it shall, in such manner as may be prescribed, give to the person on whose application the maintenance order was made an opportunity to consider that evidence, to make representations with respect to it and to adduce further evidence; and

(b)after considering all the evidence and any representations made by that person, it may revoke the maintenance order.

(10)In the application of this section to Scotland—

(a)for subsection (3) there shall be substituted the following subsections:—

“(3)Where the payer under a maintenance order to which this section applies is for the time being residing in a reciprocating country, the court shall not, on an application made by the payee under the order for the variation of the order, vary the order by increasing the rate of the payments thereunder otherwise than by a provisional order.

(3A)It shall not be necessary for the payee under a maintenance order to which this section applies to intimate to any person the making by him of an application for a provisional order varying the said maintenance order by increasing the rate of the payments thereunder;”

(b)for subsection (6) there shall be substituted the following subsection:—

“(6)Where a certified copy of a provisional order varying or revoking a maintenance order to which this section applies is received by a court as mentioned in subsection (5) above, the prescribed officer of that court shall intimate to the payee under the maintenance order, in the prescribed manner, that the provisional order has been received as aforesaid and that, unless the payee enters appearance within the prescribed period, the court will confirm the provisional order under this section.”

Orders made by courts in reciprocating countriesU.K.

6 Registration in United Kingdom court of maintenance order made in reciprocating country.U.K.

(1)This section applies to a maintenance order made, whether before or after the commencement of this Part of this Act, by a court in a reciprocating country, including such an order made by such a court which has been confirmed by a court in another reciprocating country but excluding a provisional order which has not been confirmed.

(2)Where a certified copy of an order to which this section applies is received by the Secretary of State from the responsible authority in a reciprocating country, and it appears to the Secretary of State that the payer under the order is residing [F25or has assets] in the United Kingdom, he shall send the copy of the order to the prescribed officer of the appropriate court.

(3)Where the prescribed officer of the appropriate court receives from the Secretary of State a certified copy of an order to which this section applies, he shall, subject to subsection (4) below, register the order in the prescribed manner in that court.

(4)Before registering an order under this section an officer of a court shall take such steps as he thinks fit for the purpose of ascertaining whether the payer under the order is residing [F26or has assets] within the jurisdiction of the court, and if after taking those steps he is satisfied that the payer is not [F27residing and has no assets within the jurisdiction of the court] he shall return the certified copy of the order to the Secretary of State with a statement giving such information as he possesses as to the whereabouts of the payer [F28and the nature and location of his assets].

7 Confirmation by United Kingdom court of provisional maintenance order made in reciprocating country.U.K.

(1)This section applies to a maintenance order made, whether before or after the commencement of this Part of this Act, by a court in a reciprocating country being a provisional order.

(2)Where a certified copy of an order to which this section applies together with—

(a)a document, duly authenticated, setting out or summarising the evidence given in the proceedings in which the order was made; and

(b)a statement of the grounds on which the making of the order might have been opposed by the payer under the order,

is received by the Secretary of State from the responsible authority in a reciprocating country, and it appears to the Secretary of State that the payer under the order is residing in the United Kingdom, he shall send the copy of the order and documents which accompanied it to the prescribed officer of the appropriate court, and that court shall—

(i)if the payer under the order establishes [F29any grounds on which he might have opposed the making of the order] in the proceedings in which the order was made, refuse to confirm the order; and

(ii)in any other case, confirm the order either without alteration or with such alterations as it thinks reasonable.

(3)In any proceedings for the confirmation under this section of a provisional order, the statement received from the court which made the order of the grounds on which the making of the order might have been opposed by the payer under the order shall be conclusive evidence that the payer might have [F30opposed the making of the order on any of those grounds.].

(4)For the purpose of determining whether a provisional order should be confirmed under this section [F31a magistrates’ court in Northern Ireland] shall proceed as if an application for a maintenance order against the payer under the provisional order had been made to it.

(5)The prescribed officer of a court having power under this section to confirm a provisional order shall, if the court confirms the order, register the order in the prescribed manner in that court, and shall, if the court refuses to confirm the order, return the certified copy of the order and the documents which accompanied it to the Secretary of State.

[F32(5A)Where [F33the family court] confirms a provisional order under this section, it [F34may] at the same time exercise one of its powers under subsection (5B) below.

(5B)The powers of the court are—

(a)the power to order that payments under the order be made directly to [F35the court];

(b) the power to order that payments under the order be made to [F35the court], by such method of payment falling within section [F361(5) of the Maintenance Enforcement Act 1991] (standing order, etc.) as may be specified;

(c)the power to make an attachment of earnings order under the Attachment of Earnings Act 1971 to secure payments under the order.

(5C)In deciding [F37whether to exercise any of its] powers under subsection (5B) above F38... , the court shall have regard to any representations made by the payer under the order.

(5D)[F39Subsection (6) of section 1 of the Maintenance Enforcement Act 1991] (power of court to require debtor to open account) shall apply for the purposes of subsection (5B) above as it applies for the purposes of that section but as if for paragraph (a) there were substituted—

“(a)the court proposes to exercise its power under paragraph (b) of section 7(5B) of the Maintenance Orders (Reciprocal Enforcement ) Act 1972, and”].

[F40(5E)Where a court of summary jurisdiction in Northern Ireland confirms a provisional order under this section, it shall at the same time exercise one of its powers under subsection (5F) below.

(5F)The powers of the court are—

(a)the power to order that payments under the order be made directly to the collecting officer;

(b) the power to order that payments under the order be made to the collecting officer, by such method of payment falling within Article 85(7) of the Magistrates’ Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981 (standing order, etc. ) as may be specified;

(c)the power to make an attachment of earnings order under Part IX of the Order of 1981 to secure payments under the order;

and in this subsection “collecting officer” means the officer mentioned in Article 85(4) of the Order of 1981.

(5G)In deciding which of the powers under subsection (5F) above it is to exercise, the court shall have regard to any representations made by the payer under the order.

(5H)Paragraph (5) of Article 85 of the Magistrates’ Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981 (power of court to require debtor to open account) shall apply for the purposes of subsection (5F) above as it applies for the purposes of that Article but as if for sub-paragraph (a) there were substituted—

“(a)the court proposes to exercise its power under paragraph (b) of section 7(5F) of the Maintenance Orders (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1972, and”]

(6)If [F41notice of] the proceedings for the confirmation of the provisional order cannot be duly served on the payer under that order the officer by whom the certified copy of the order was received shall return that copy and the documents which accompanied it to the Secretary of State with a statement giving such information as he possesses as to the whereabouts of the payer.

(7)This section shall apply to Scotland subject to the following modifications:—

(a)for subsection (4) there shall be substituted the following subsection:—

“(4)On receiving a certified copy of a provisional order sent to him in pursuance of subsection (2) above the prescribed officer of the appropriate court shall intimate to the payer under the order, in the prescribed manner, that the order has been received as aforesaid and that, unless the payer enters appearance within the prescribed period, the court will confirm the order under this section.”;

(b)in subsection (6), for the words from the beginning to “that order” there shall be substituted the words “ If such intimation as is mentioned in subsection (4) above cannot be given to the payer under a provisional order in pursuance of that subsection”; and

(c)in any proceedings for the confirmation under this section of a provisional order made by a court in a reciprocating country, the sheriff shall apply the law in force in that country with respect to the sufficiency of evidence.

[F42(8)In the application of this section to Northern Ireland—

(a)in subsection (2)(i), for the words from “any grounds” to “making of the order” there shall be substituted “any such defence as he might have raised”,

(b)in subsection (3), for the words from “opposed the making” to the end there shall be substituted “raised a defence on any of those grounds in the proceedings in which the order was made.”, and

(c)in subsection (6), for the words “notice of” there shall be substituted “a summons to appear in”.]

8 Enforcement of maintenance order registered in United Kingdom court.U.K.

(1)Subject to subsection (2) below, a registered order may be enforced in the United Kingdom as if it had been made by the registering court and as if that court had had jurisdiction to make it; and proceedings for or with respect to the enforcement of any such order may be taken accordingly.

(2)Subsection (1) above does not apply to an order which is for the time being registered F43... in the High Court of Justice in Northern Ireland under Part II of the M2Maintenance and Affiliation Orders Act (Northern Ireland) 1966.

(3)Any person for the time being under an obligation to make payments in pursuance of [F44an order registered in a court in Northern Ireland] shall give notice of any change of address to the [F45clerk of that] court, and any person failing without reasonable excuse to give such a notice shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding [F46£50].

F47(3A). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(4)[F48An order which by virtue of this section is enforceable by a magistrates’ court shall [F49subject to the modifications of Article 98 of the Magistrates’ Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981 specified in subsection (4C) below] be enforceable as [F50an order made by that court to which that Article applies]]

F51(4A). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

F51(4B). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

[F52(4C)Article 98 of the Magistrates’ Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981 (enforcement of sums adjudged to be paid) shall have effect—

(a)as if for paragraph (7)(a) there were substituted the following paragraph—

“(a)if the court is of the opinion that it is appropriate—

(i)to make an attachment of earnings order; or

(ii)to exercise its power under paragraph (8C)(b)”

(b)as if for paragraphs (8B) to (8D) there were substituted the following paragraphs—

“(8B)Upon the appearance of a person or proof of service of the summons on him as mentioned in paragraph (4) for the enforcement of an order to which this Article applies, the court or resident magistrate may vary the order by exercising one of the powers under paragraph (8C).

(8C)The powers mentioned in paragraph (8B) are—

(a)the power to order that payments under the order be made directly to the collecting officer;

(b)the power to order that payments under the order be made to the collecting officer, by such method of payment falling within Article 85(7) (standing order, etc.) as may be specified;

(c)the power to make an attachment of earnings order under Part IX to secure payments under the order.

(8D)In deciding which of the powers under paragraph (8C) is to be exercised, the court or, as the case may be, a resident magistrate shall have regard to any representations made by the debtor (within the meaning of Article 85).

(8E)Paragraph (5) of Article 85 (power of court to require debtor to open account) shall apply for the purposes of paragraph (8C) as it applies for the purposes of that Article but as if for sub-paragraph (a) there were substituted—

“(a)the court proposes to exercise its power under sub-paragraph (b) of Article 98(8C), and””]

(5)[F53A magistrates' court in Northern Ireland] by which an order is enforceable by virtue of this section, and the officers thereof, shall take all such steps for enforcing [F54or facilitating the enforcement of] the order as may be prescribed.

(6)In any proceedings for or with respect to the enforcement of an order which is for the time being registered in any court under this Part of this Act a certificate of arrears sent to the prescribed officer of the court shall be evidence of the facts stated therein.

(7)Subject to subsection (8) below, sums of money payable under a registered order shall be payable in accordance with the order as from [F55the date on which they are required to be paid under the provisions of the order].

(8)The court having power under section 7 of this Act to confirm a provisional order may, if it decides to confirm the order, direct that the sums of money payable under it shall be deemed to have been payable in accordance with the order as from [F56the date on which they are required to be paid under the provisions of the order or such later date], as it may specify; and subject to any such direction, a maintenance order registered under the said section 7 shall be treated as if it had been made in the form in which it was confirmed and as if it had never been a provisional order.

(9)In the application of this section to Scotland—

(a)subsections (2) to (5) shall be omitted; and

(b)in subsection (6), for the word “evidence” there shall be substituted the words “sufficient evidence”.

F57(10). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9 Variation and revocation of maintenance order registered in United Kingdom court.U.K.

(1)Subject to the provisions of this section, the registering court—

(a)shall have the like power, on an application made by the payer or payee under a registered order, to vary or revoke the order as if it had been made by the registering court as if that court had had jurisdiction to make it; and

(b)shall have power to vary or revoke a registered order by a provisional order.

F58(1ZA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

[F59(1ZB)Where the registering court is a court of summary jurisdiction in Northern Ireland, Article 86 of the Magistrates’ Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981 (revocation, variation etc., of orders for periodical payment) shall have effect in relation to the registered order—

F60[(za)as if in paragraph (1) for the words “by order on complaint,” there were substituted “on an application being made, by order”;]

(a) as if in paragraph (3) for the words “sub-paragraphs (a) to (d) of Article 85(3)” there were substituted “ paragraph (3A) ” and after that paragraph there were inserted—

“(3A)The powers of the court are—

(a)the power to order that payments under the order be made directly to the collecting officer;

(b)the power to order that payments under the order be made to the collecting officer by such method of payment falling within Article 85(7) (standing order, etc.) as may be specified;

(c)the power to make an attachment of earnings order under Part IX to secure payments under the order.”;

(b)as if in paragraph (4) for sub-paragraph (b) there were substituted—

“(b)payments under the order are required to be made to the collecting officer by any method of payment falling within Article 85(7) (standing order, etc.)” ; F61...

(c) as if in paragraph (5) for the words “to the collecting officer” there were substituted “ in accordance with sub-paragraph (a) of paragraph (3A) ” ;

(d)as if in paragraph (7), sub-paragraph (c) and the word “and” immediately preceding it were omitted;

(e) as if in paragraph (8) for the words “sub-paragraphs (a) to (d) of Article 85(3)” there were substituted “ paragraph (3A) ” ;

(f)as if for paragraphs (9) and (10) there were substituted the following paragraphs—

“(9)In deciding, for the purposes of paragraphs (3) and (8), which of the powers under paragraph (3A) it is to exercise, the court shall have regard to any representations made by the debtor.

(10)Paragraph (5) of Article 85 (power of court to require debtor to open account) shall apply for the purposes of paragraph (3A) as it applies for the purposes of that Article but as if for sub-paragraph (a) there were substituted—

“(a)the court proposes to exercise its power under sub-paragraph (b) of Article 86(3A),and””]

[F62(1A)The powers conferred by subsection (1) above are not exercisable in relation to so much of a registered order as provides for the payment of a lump sum.]

[F63(1B)The registering court shall not vary or revoke a registered order if neither the payer nor the payee under the order is resident in the United Kingdom.]

(2)The registering court shall not vary a registered order otherwise than by a provisional order unless—

(a)both the payer and the payee under the registered order are for the time being residing in the United Kingdom; or

(b)the application is made by the payee under the registered order; or

(c)the variation consists of a reduction in the rate of the payments under the registered order and is made solely on the ground that there has been a change in the financial circumstances of the payer since the registered order was made or, in the case of an order registered under section 7 of this Act, since the registered order was confirmed, and the courts in the reciprocating country in which the maintenance order in question was made do not have power, according to the law in force in that country, to confirm provisional orders varying maintenance orders.

(3)The registering court shall not revoke a registered order otherwise than by a provisional order unless both the payer and the payee under the registered order are for the time being residing in the United Kingdom.

(4)On an application for the revocation of a registered order the registering court shall, unless both the payer and the payee under the registered order are for the time being residing in the United Kingdom, apply the law applied by the reciprocating country in which the registered order was made; but where by virtue of this subsection the registering court is required to apply that law, that court may make a provisional order if it has reason to believe that the ground on which the application is made is a ground on which the order could be revoked according to the law applied by the reciprocating country, notwithstanding that it has not been established that it is such a ground.

(5)Where the registering court makes a provisional order varying or revoking a registered order the prescribed officer of the court shall send in the prescribed manner to the court in the reciprocating country which made the registered order a certified copy of the provisional order together with a document, authenticated in the prescribed manner, setting out or summarising the evidence given in the proceedings.

(6)Where a certified copy of a provisional order made by a court in a reciprocating country, being an order varying a registered order, together with a document, duly authenticated, setting out or summarising the evidence given in the proceedings in which the provisional order was made, is received by the registering court, that court may confirm the order either without alteration or with such alterations as it thinks reasonable or refuse to confirm the order.

(7)For the purpose of determining whether a provisional order should be confirmed under subsection (6) above the court shall proceed as if an application for the variation of the registered order had been made to it.

(8)Where a registered order has been varied by an order (including a provisional order which has been confirmed) made by a court in the United Kingdom or by a competent court in a reciprocating country, the registered order shall, as from [F64the date on which under the provisions of the order the variation is to take effect], have effect as varied by that order and, where that order was a provisional order, as if that order had been made in the form in which it was confirmed and as if it had never been a provisional order.

(9)Where a registered order has been revoked by an order made by a court in the United Kingdom or by a competent court in a reciprocating country, including a provisional order made by the first-mentioned court which has been confirmed by a competent court in a reciprocating country, the registered order shall, as from [F65the date on which under the provisions of the order the revocation is to take effect], be deemed to have ceased to have effect except as respects any arrears due under the registered order at that date.

(10)The prescribed officer of the registering court shall register in the prescribed manner any order varying a registered order other than a provisional order which is not confirmed.

(11)In the application of this section to Scotland—

(a)after subsection (4) there shall be inserted the following subsection:—

“(4A)It shall not be necessary for the payer under a registered order to intimate to any person the making by him of an application for a provisional order varying or revoking the registered order.”; and

(b)for subsection (7) there shall be substituted the following subsection:—

“(7)Where a certified copy of a provisional order varying a registered order is received by the registering court as mentioned in subsection (6) above, the prescribed officer of that court shall intimate to the payer under the registered order, in the prescribed manner, that the provisional order has been received as aforesaid and that, unless the payer enters appearance within the prescribed period, the court will confirm the provisional order under this section.”

10 Cancellation of registration and transfer of order.U.K.

(1)Where—

(a)a registered order is revoked by an order made by the registering court; or

(b)a registered order is revoked by a provisional order made by that court which has been confirmed by a court in a reciprocating country and notice of the confirmation is received by the registering court; or

(c)a registered order is revoked by an order made by a court in such a country and notice of the revocation is received by the registering court,

the prescribed officer of the registering court shall cancel the registration; but any arrears due under the registered order at the date when its registration is cancelled by virtue of this subsection shall continue to be recoverable as if the registration had not been cancelled.

(2)Where the prescribed officer of the registering court is of opinion that the payer under a registered order, [F66is not residing within the jurisdiction of that court and has no assets within that jurisdiction against which the order can be effectively enforced,] he shall cancel the registration of the order and, subject to subsection (3) below, shall send the certified copy of the order to the Secretary of State.

(3)Where the prescribed officer of the registering court, being a magistrates’ court [F67in Northern Ireland], is of opinion that the payer is residing [F68or has assets] within the jurisdiction of another magistrates’ court in [F69Northern Ireland], he shall transfer the order to that other court by sending the certified copy of the order to the prescribed officer of that other court.

(4)On the transfer of an order under subsection (3) above the prescribed officer of the court to which it is transferred shall, subject to subsection (6) below, register the order in the prescribed manner in that court.

(5)Where the certified copy of an order is received by the Secretary of State under this section and it appears to him that the payer under the order is [F70residing or has assets] in the United Kingdom, he shall transfer the order to the appropriate court by sending the certified copy of the order together with the related documents to the prescribed officer of the appropriate court and, subject to subsection (6) below, that officer shall register the order in the prescribed manner in that court.

(6)Before registering an order in pursuance of subsection (4) or (5) above an officer of a court shall take such steps as he thinks fit for the purpose of ascertaining whether the payer is residing [F71or has assets] within the jurisdiction of the court, and if after taking those steps he is satisfied that the payer is not [F72residing and has no assets within the jurisdiction of the court] he shall send the certified copy of the order to the Secretary of State.

(7)The officer of a court who is required by any of the foregoing provisions of this section to send to the Secretary of State or to the prescribed officer of another court the certified copy of an order shall send with that copy—

(a)a certificate of arrears signed by him;

(b)a statement giving such information as he possesses as to the whereabouts of the payer [F73and the nature and location of his assets]; and

(c)any relevant documents in his possession relating to the case.

(8)In the application of this section to Scotland—

(a)in subsection (2), for the words “within the jurisdiction of that court” there shall be substituted the words “in Scotland”; and

(b)subsections (3) and (4) shall be omitted.

11 Steps to be taken by Secretary of State where payer under certain orders is not residing in the United Kingdom.U.K.

(1)If [F74at any time] it appears to the Secretary of State that the payer under a maintenance order, a certified copy of which has been received by him from a reciprocating country, is not residing [F75and has no assets in the United Kingdom,] he shall send to the responsible authority in that country or, if having regard to all the circumstances he thinks it proper to do so, to the responsible authority in another reciprocating country—

(a)the certified copy of the order in question and a certified copy of any order varying that order;

(b)if the order has at any time been a registered order, a certificate of arrears signed by the prescribed officer;

(c)a statement giving such information as the Secretary of State possesses as to the whereabouts of the payer [F76and the nature and location of his assets]; and

(d)any other relevant documents in his possession relating to the case.

(2)Where the documents mentioned in subsection (1) above are sent to the responsible authority in a reciprocating country other than that in which the order in question was made, the Secretary of State shall inform the responsible authority in the reciprocating country in which that order was made of what he has done.

AppealsU.K.

12 Appeals.U.K.

(1)No appeal shall lie from a provisional order made in pursuance of any provision of this Part of this Act by a court in the United Kingdom.

(2)Where in pursuance of any such provision any such court confirms or refuses to confirm a provisional order made by a court in a reciprocating country, whether a maintenance order or an order varying or revoking a maintenance order, the payer or payee under the maintenance order shall have the like right of appeal (if any) from the confirmation of, or refusal to confirm, the provisional order as he would have if that order were not a provisional order and the court which confirmed or refused to confirm it had made or, as the case may be, refused to make it.

(3)Where in pursuance of any such provision any such court makes, or refuses to make, an order varying or revoking a maintenance order made by a court in a reciprocating country, then, subject to subsection (1) above, the payer or payee under the maintenance order shall have the like right of appeal (if any) from that order or from the refusal to make it as he would have if the maintenance order had been made by the first-mentioned court.

(4)Nothing in this section (except subsection (1)) shall be construed as affecting any right of appeal conferred by any other enactment.

EvidenceU.K.

13 Admissibility of evidence given in reciprocating country.U.K.

(1)A statement contained in—

(a)a document, duly authenticated, which purports to set out or summarise evidence given in proceedings in a court in a reciprocating country; or

(b)a document, duly authenticated, which purports to set out or summarise evidence taken in such a country for the purpose of proceedings in a court in the United Kingdom under this Part of this Act, whether in response to a request made by such a court or otherwise; or

(c)a document, duly authenticated, which purports to have been received in evidence in proceedings in a court in such a country or to be a copy of a document so received,

shall in any proceedings in a court in the United Kingdom relating to a maintenance order to which this Part of this Act applies be admissible as evidence of any fact stated therein to the same extent as oral evidence of that fact is admissible in those proceedings.

(2)A document purporting to set out or summarise evidence given as mentioned in subsection (1)(a) above, or taken as mentioned in subsection (1)(b) above, shall be deemed to be duly authenticated for the purposes of that subsection if the document purports to be certified by the judge, magistrate or other person before whom the evidence was given, or, as the case may be, by whom it was taken, to be the original document containing or recording, or, as the case may be, summarising, that evidence or a true copy of that document.

(3)A document purporting to have been received in evidence as mentioned in subsection (1)(c) above, or to be a copy of a document so received, shall be deemed to be duly authenticated for the purposes of that subsection if the document purports to be certified by a judge, magistrate or officer of the court in question to have been, or to be a true copy of a document which has been, so received.

(4)It shall not be necessary in any such proceedings to prove the signature or official position of the person appearing to have given such a certificate.

(5)Nothing in this section shall prejudice the admission in evidence of any document which is admissible in evidence apart from this section.

14 Obtaining of evidence needed for purpose of certain proceedings.U.K.

(1)Where for the purpose of any proceedings in a court in a reciprocating country relating to a maintenance order to which this Part of this Act applies a request is made by or on behalf of that court for the taking in the United Kingdom of the evidence of a person residing therein relating to matters specified in the request, such court in the United Kingdom as may be prescribed shall have power to take that evidence and, after giving notice of the time and place at which the evidence is to be taken to such persons and in such manner as it thinks fit, shall take the evidence in such manner as may be prescribed.

Evidence taken in compliance with such a request shall be sent in the prescribed manner by the prescribed officer of the court to the court in the reciprocating country by or on behalf of which the request was made.

(2)Where any person, not being the payer or the payee under the maintenance order to which the proceedings in question relate, is required by virtue of this section to give evidence before a court in the United Kingdom, the court may order that there shall be paid—

(a)if the court is a court in England, Wales or Scotland, out of moneys provided by Parliament; and

(b)if the court is a court in Northern Ireland, out of moneys provided by [F77the Northern Ireland Assembly],

such sums as appear to the court reasonably sufficient to compensate that person for the expense, trouble or loss of time properly incurred in or incidental to his attendance.

(3)[F78Articles 118(1), (3) and (4), 119 and 120 of the Magistrates' Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981] (which provide for compelling the attendance of witnesses, etc.) shall apply in relation to a magistrates’ court [F79in Northern Ireland] having power under subsection (1) above to take the evidence of any person as if the proceedings in the court in a reciprocating country for the purpose of which a request for the taking of the evidence has been made were proceedings in the magistrates’ court and had been begun by complaint.

(4)Paragraphs 71 and 73 of Schedule 1 to the M3Sheriff Courts (Scotland) Act 1907 (which provide for the citation of witnesses, etc.) shall apply in relation to a sheriff having power under subsection (1) above to take the evidence of any person as if the proceedings in the court in a reciprocating country for the purpose of which a request for the taking of the evidence has been made were proceedings in the sheriff court.

(5)A court in the United Kingdom may for the purpose of any proceedings in that court under this Part of this Act relating to a maintenance order to which this Part of this Act applies request a court in a reciprocating country to take or provide evidence relating to such matters as may be specified in the request and may remit the case to that court for that purpose.

F80(6). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 Order, etc. made abroad need not be proved.U.K.

For the purposes of this Part of this Act, unless the contrary is shown—

(a)any order made by a court in a reciprocating country purporting to bear the seal of that court or to be signed by any person in his capacity as a judge, magistrate or officer of the court, shall be deemed without further proof to have been duly sealed or, as the case may be, to have been signed by that person;

(b)the person by whom the order was signed shall be deemed without further proof to have been a judge, magistrate or officer, as the case may be, of that court when he signed it and, in the case of an officer, to have been authorised to sign it; and

(c)a document purporting to be a certified copy of an order made by a court in a reciprocating country shall be deemed without further proof to be such a copy.

SupplementalU.K.

16 Payment of sums under orders made abroad: conversion of currency.U.K.

(1)Payment of sums due under a registered order shall, while the order is registered in a court in England, Wales or Northern Ireland, be made in such manner and to such person as may be prescribed.

(2)Where the sums required to be paid under a registered order are expressed in a currency other than the currency of the United Kingdom, then, as from the relevant date, the order shall be treated as if it were an order requiring the payment of such sums in the currency of the United Kingdom as, on the basis of the rate of exchange prevailing at that date, are equivalent to the sums so required to be paid.

(3)Where the sum specified in any statement, being a statement of the amount of any arrears due under a maintenance order made by a court in a reciprocating country, is expressed in a currency other than the currency of the United Kingdom, that sum shall be deemed to be such sum in the currency of the United Kingdom as, on the basis of the rate of exchange prevailing at the relevant date, is equivalent to the sum so specified.

(4)For the purposes of this section a written certificate purporting to be signed by an officer of any bank in the United Kingdom certifying that a specified rate of exchange prevailed between currencies at a specified date and that at such rate a specified sum in the currency of the United Kingdom is equivalent to a specified sum in another specified currency shall be evidence of the rate of exchange so prevailing on that date and of the equivalent sums in terms of the respective currencies.

(5)In this section “the relevant date” means—

(a)in relation to a registered order or to a statement of arrears due under a maintenance order made by a court in a reciprocating country, the date on which the order first becomes a registered order (if earlier) the date on which it is confirmed by a court in the United Kingdom;

(b)in relation to a registered order which has been varied, the date on which the last order varying that order is registered in a court in the United Kingdom or (if earlier) the date on which the last order varying that order is confirmed by such a court.

(6)In the application of this section to Scotland:—

(a)subsection (1) shall not apply;

(b)in subsection (4), for the word “evidence” there shall be substituted the words “sufficient evidence”.

17 Proceedings in [F81the family court in England and Wales or in magistrates’ courts in Northern Ireland] U.K.

F82(1)—(3). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

F83(4). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

F84(5). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

[F85(5A)Where the respondent to an application for the variation or revocation of—

(a)a maintenance order made by [F86the family court], being an order to which section 5 of this Act applies; or

(b)a registered order which is registered in [F86the family court],

is residing in a reciprocating country, [F86the family court] shall have jurisdiction to hear the application (where it would not have such jurisdiction apart from this subsection) if it would have had jurisdiction to hear it had the respondent been [F87habitually resident] in England and Wales.]

[F88(6)Where the respondent to an application for the variation or revocation of—

(a)a maintenance order made by a magistrates’ court in Northern Ireland, being an order to which section 5 of this Act applies; or

(b)a registered order which is registered in such a court,

is residing in a reciprocating country, a magistrates’ court in Northern Ireland shall have jurisdiction to hear the application (where it would not have jurisdiction apart from this subsection) if it would have had jurisdiction to hear it had the respondent been [F89habitually resident] in Northern Ireland.]

(7)Where the [F90respondent] to [F91an application] for the variation or revocation—

(a)of a maintenance order made by [F92the family court in England and Wales or a magistrates' court in Northern Ireland], being an order to which section 5 of this Act applies; or

(b)of a registered order registered in [F92the family court in England and Wales or a magistrates' court in Northern Ireland],

does not appear at the time and place appointed for the hearing of [F91the application], but the court is satisfied that the [F90respondent] is residing in a reciprocating country, the court may proceed to hear and determine [F91the application] at the time and place appointed for the hearing or for any adjourned hearing in like manner as if the [F90respondent] had appeared at that time and place.

[F93(7A)In the application of this section to Northern Ireland, in subsection (7)—

(a)for the word “respondent”, in each place where it occurs, there shall be substituted “defendant”; and

(b)for the words “an application” and “the application”, in each place where they occur, there shall be substituted “a complaint” and “the complaint” respectively.]

F94(8). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18 [F95Rules of court]U.K.

[F96(A1)Rules of court may make provision with respect to the matters that would be mentioned in any of paragraphs (b), (c), (e) and (f) of subsection (1) if references in those paragraphs to a magistrates' court, or to magistrates' courts, were references to the family court.]

(1)[F97The matters referred to in subsections (A1) and (2) are—]

(a)the circumstances in which anything authorised or required by this Part of this Act to be done by, to or before a magistrates’ court acting [F98in a particular [F99petty sessions district]] or by, to or before an officer of that court may be done by, to or before a magistrates’ court acting [F98in such other [F99petty sessions district]] as the rules may provide or by, to or before an officer of that court;

(b)the orders made, or other things done, by a magistrates’ court, or an officer of such a court, under this Part of this Act, or by a court in a reciprocating country, notice of which is to be given to such persons as the rules may provide and the manner in which such notice shall be given;

(c)the cases and manner in which courts in reciprocating countries are to be informed of orders made, or other things done, by a magistrates’ court under this Part of this Act;

(d)the cases and manner in which a justices’ clerk may take evidence needed for the purpose of proceedings in a court in a reciprocating country relating to a maintenance order to which this Part of this Act applies;

(e)the circumstances and manner in which cases may be remitted by magistrates’ courts to courts in reciprocating countries;

(f)the circumstances and manner in which magistrates’ courts may for the purposes of this Part of this Act communicate with courts in reciprocating countries.

[F100(1A)For the purpose of giving effect to this Part of this Act, [F101rules of court] may make, in relation to any proceedings brought under or by virtue of this Part of this Act, any provision not covered by subsection [F102(A1)] above which—

(a)falls within subsection (2) of section 93 of the Children Act 1989, and

(b)may be made in relation to relevant proceedings under that section.]

(2)Rules with respect to the matters mentioned in subsection (1) above [F103(other than paragraph (a))] may be made in accordance with [F104Article 13 of the Magistrates’ Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981] in relation to proceedings or matters in magistrates’ courts in Northern Ireland under this Part of this Act.

F105[(2A)For the purpose of giving effect to this Part of this Act, rules made in accordance with Article 13 of the Magistrates’ Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981 may make, in relation to any proceedings brought under or by virtue of this Part of this Act, any provision not covered by subsection (2) above which—

(a)falls within paragraph (2) of Article 165 of the Children (Northern Ireland) Order 1995, and

(b)may be made in relation to relevant proceedings under that Article.]

19 Rules for sheriff court.U.K.

Without prejudice to the generality of the powers conferred on the Court of Session by section 32 of the M4Sheriff Courts (Scotland) Act 1971 to regulate by act of sederunt the procedure of the sheriff court, the said powers shall include power—

(a)to prescribe the cases and manner in which courts in by the sheriff, or an officer of the sheriff court, under this Part of this Act, or by a court in a reciprocating country, notice of which is to be given to such persons as the act of sederunt may provide and the manner in which such notice shall be given;

(b)to provide that evidence needed for the purpose of proceedings in a court in a reciprocating country relating to a maintenance order to which this Part of this Act applies may, in such cases and manner as the act of sederunt may provide, be taken by a sheriff clerk or sheriff clerk depute;

(c)to prescribe the cases and manner in which courts in reciprocating countries are to be informed of decrees granted, or other things done, by the sheriff under this Part of this Act;

(d)to prescribe the circumstances and manner in which cases may be remitted by the sheriff to courts in reciprocating countries;

(e)to prescribe the circumstances and manner in which the sheriff may for the purposes of this Part of this Act communicate with courts in reciprocating countries.

20 Restriction on enforcement of arrears under maintenance order registered in Scotland.U.K.

Where a maintenance order is for the time being registered in the sheriff court under this Part of this Act, a person shall not be entitled, except with the leave of the sheriff, to enforce, whether by diligence or otherwise, the payment of any arrears due under the order, if either—

(a)the sheriff has made a provisional order under section 9 of this Act revoking the said maintenance order and the arrears accrued after the making of the said provisional order, or

(b)the arrears accrued before the commencement of this Part of this Act;

and on any application for leave to enforce the payment of any such arrears, the sheriff may refuse leave, or may grant leave subject to such restrictions and conditions (including conditions as to the allowing of time for payment or the making of payment by instalments) as he thinks appropriate, or may remit the payment of such arrears or of any part thereof.

21 Interpretation of Part I.U.K.

(1)In this Part of this Act—

• “affiliation order” means an order (however described) adjudging, finding or declaring a person to be the father of a child, whether or not it also provides for the maintenance of the child;

• “the appropriate court”[F106—]

  (a)

  in relation to a person residing [F107or having assets] in England and [F108Wales means the family court; and

  (b)

  in relation to a person residing or having assets] in Northern Ireland means a magistrates’ court, and in relation to a person residing [F107or having assets] in Scotland means [F109a sheriff court], within the jurisdiction of which that person is residing [F110or has assets];

• “certificate of arrears”, in relation to a maintenance order, means a certificate certifying that the sum specified in the certificate is to the best of the information or belief of the officer giving the certificate the amount of the arrears due under the order at the date of the certificate or, as the case may be, that to the best of his information or belief there are no arrears due thereunder at that date;

• “certified copy”, in relation to an order of a court, means a copy of the order certified by the proper officer of the court to be a true copy;

• “court” includes any tribunal or person having power to make, confirm, enforce, vary or revoke a maintenance order;

• F111. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• “maintenance order” means an order (however described) of any of the following descriptions, that is to say—

  (a)

  an order (including an affiliation order or order consequent upon an affiliation order) which provides for the [F112payment of a lump sum or the making of periodical payments] towards the maintenance of any person, being a person whom the person liable to make payments under the order is, according to the law applied in the place where the order was made, liable to maintain;

  (aa)

  [F113an order which has been made in Scotland, on or after the granting of a decree of divorce, for the payment of a periodical allowance by one party to the marriage to the other party;] and

  (c)

  an affiliation order or order consequent upon an affiliation order, being an order which provides for the payment by a person adjudged, found or declared to be a child’s father of expenses incidental to the child’s birth or, where the child has died, of his funeral expenses,

  and, in the case of a maintenance order which has been varied, means that order as varied;

• “order”, as respects Scotland, includes any interlocutor, and any decree or provision contained in an interlocutor;

• “payee”, in relation to a maintenance order, means the person entitled to the payments for which the order provides;

• “payer”, in relation to a maintenance order, means the person liable to make payments under the order;

• “prescribed”, in relation to a magistrates’ court F114... in Northern Ireland, means prescribed F115... by rules made in accordance with [F116Article 13 of the Magistrates’ Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981], F117... and in relation to any other court means prescribed by rules of court;

• “provisional order” means (according to the context)—

(a)an order made by a court in the United Kingdom which is provisional only and has no effect unless and until confirmed, with or without alteration, by a competent court in a reciprocating country; or

(b)an order made by a court in a reciprocating country which is provisional only and has no effect unless and until confirmed, with or without alteration, by a court in the United Kingdom having power under this Part of this Act to confirm it;

• “reciprocating country” has the meaning assigned to it by section 1 of this Act;

• “registered order” means a maintenance order which is for the time being registered in a court in the United Kingdom under this Part of this Act;

• “registering court”, in relation to a registered order, means the court in which that order is for the time being registered under this Part of this Act;

• “the responsible authority”, in relation to a reciprocating country, means any person who in that country has functions similar to those of the Secretary of State under this Part of this Act.

• [F118“revoke” and “revocation” include discharge.]

(2)For the purposes of this Part of this Act an order shall be taken to be a maintenance order so far (but only so far) as it relates to the [F119payment of a lump sum or the making of periodical payments] as mentioned in paragraph (a) of the definition of “maintenance order” in subsection (1) above [F120, to the payment of a periodical allowance as mentioned in paragraph (aa) of that definition], or to the payment by a person adjudged, found or declared to be a child’s father of any such expenses as are mentioned in paragraph (b) of that definition.

(3)Any reference in this Part of this Act to the payment of money for the maintenance of a child shall be construed as including a reference to the payment of money for the child’s education.

Amendments, repeals and transitional provisionsU.K.

22 Amendments and repeals. X1U.K.

(1)The enactments mentioned in the Schedule to this Act shall have effect subject to the minor and consequential amendments specified therein.

(2)The following are hereby repealed—

(a)M5 the maintenance orders (Facilities for Enforcement) Act 1920;

(b). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F121

(c)in M6 the Maintenance Orders Act 1958, section 19 and in section 23(2), the words “section nineteen”;

F122(d). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23 Maintenance order registered in High Court under the Maintenance Orders etc. Act 1920.U.K.

(1)Where a country or territory, being a country or territory to which at the commencement of section 1 of this Act the M7Maintenance Orders (Facilities for Enforcement) Act 1920 extended, becomes a reciprocating country, then, if immediately before the Order in Council made under section 12 of that Act extending that Act to that country or territory was revoked any maintenance order made by a court in that country or territory was registered in the High Court [F123or the High Court of Justice in Northern Ireland] under section 1 of that Act, [F124subsection (1A) applies in relation to the order.

(1A)Where the order was at that time registered in the High Court, that court may, on an application by the payer or the payee under the order or of its own motion, transfer the order to the family court, with a view to the order being registered in the family court under this Part of this Act; and where the order was at that time registered in the High Court of Justice in Northern Ireland, that court] may, on an application by the payer or the payee under the order or of its own motion, transfer the order to such magistrates’ court [F125in Northern Ireland] as having regard to the place where the payer is residing and to all the circumstances it thinks most appropriate, with a view to the order being registered in that [F126magistrates’] court under this Part of this Act.

[F127(1B)Where the High Court transfers an order to the family court under this section it shall—

(a)cause a certified copy of the order to be sent to an officer of the family court, and

(b)cancel the registration of the order in the High Court.]

(2)Where the High Court [F128of Justice in Northern Ireland] transfers an order to a magistrates’ court under this section it shall—

(a)cause a certified copy of the order to be sent to the [F129appropriate officer] of that court, and

(b)cancel the registration of the order in the High Court.

(3)The F130[F129... officer] of the court who receives a certified copy of an order sent to him under this section shall register the order in the prescribed manner in that court.

(4)On registering a maintenance order in [F131a] court by virtue of this section the [F132officer registering it] shall, if the order is registered in that court under Part I of the M8Maintenance Orders Act 1958, cancel that registration.

F133(5). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

[F134(6) In this section “appropriate officer”[F135, in relation to a magistrates' court in Northern Ireland, means the clerk of the court.]]

24 Application of Part I to certain orders and proceedings under the Maintenance Orders etc. Act 1920.U.K.

Where Her Majesty proposes by an Order in Council under section 1 of this Act to designate as a reciprocating country a country or territory to which at the commencement of that section the M9Maintenance Orders (Facilities for Enforcement) Act 1920 extended, that Order in Council may contain such provisions as Her Majesty considers expedient for the purpose of securing—

(a)that the provisions of this Part of this Act apply, subject to such modifications as may be specified in the Order, to maintenance orders, or maintenance orders of a specified class—

(i)made by a court in England, Wales or Northern Ireland against a person residing [F136or having assets] in that country or territory, or

(ii)made by a court in that country or territory against a person residing [F136or having assets] in England, Wales or Northern Ireland,

being orders to which immediately before the date of the coming into operation of the Order in Council the said Act of 1920 applied, except any order which immediately before that date is registered in the High Court or the High Court of Justice in Northern Ireland under section 1 of that Act;

(b)that any maintenance order, or maintenance order of a specified class, made by a court in that country or territory which has been confirmed by a court in England, Wales or Northern Ireland under section 4 of the said Act of 1920 and is in force immediately before that date is registered under section 7 of this Act;

(c)that any proceedings brought under or by virtue of a provision of the said Act of 1920 in a court in England, Wales or Northern Ireland which are pending at that date, being proceedings affecting a person resident in that country or territory, are continued as if they had been brought under or by virtue of the corresponding provision of this Part of this Act.