Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988

PART IXANNUAL PAYMENTS AND INTEREST

Annual payments

348Payments out of profits or gains brought into charge to income tax: deduction of tax

(1)Subject to any provision to the contrary in the Income Tax Acts, where any annuity or other annual payment charged with tax under Case III of Schedule D, not being interest, is payable wholly out of profits or gains brought into charge to income tax—

(a)the whole of the profits or gains shall be assessed and charged with income tax on the person liable to the annuity or other annual payment, without distinguishing the annuity or other annual payment; and

(b)the person liable to make the payment, whether out of the profits or gains charged with income tax or out of any annual payment liable to deduction, or from which a deduction has been made, shall be entitled on making the payment to deduct and retain out of it a sum representing the amount of income tax thereon; and

(c)the person to whom the payment is made shall allow the deduction on receipt of the residue of the payment, and the person making the deduction shall be acquitted and discharged of so much money as is represented by the deduction, as if that sum had been actually paid; and

(d)the deduction shall be treated as income tax paid by the person to whom the payment is made.

(2)Subject to any provision to the contrary in the Income Tax Acts, where—

(a)any royalty or other sum paid in respect of the user of a patent; or

(b)any rent, royalty or other payment which, by section 119 or 120, is declared to be subject to deduction of income tax under this section or section 349 as if it were a royalty or other sum paid in respect of the user of a patent;

is paid wholly out of profits or gains brought into charge to income tax, the person making the payment shall be entitled on making the payment to deduct and retain out of it a sum representing the amount of the income tax thereon.

(3)This section does not apply to a small maintenance payment within the meaning of section 351 or to any payment to which section 687 applies.

349Payments not out of profits or gains brought into charge to income tax, and annual interest

(1)Where—

(a)any annuity or other annual payment charged with tax under Case III of Schedule D, not being interest; or

(b)any royalty or other sum paid in respect of the user of a patent; or

(c)any rent, royalty or other payment which, by section 119 or 120, is declared to be subject to deduction of income tax under this section or section 348 as if it were a royalty or other sum paid in respect of the user of a patent,

is not payable or not wholly payable out of profits or gains brought into charge to income tax, the person by or through whom any payment thereof is made shall, on making the payment, deduct out of it a sum representing the amount of income tax thereon.

This subsection does not apply to any payment to which section 687 applies.

(2)Subject to subsection (3) below and to any other provision to the contrary in the Income Tax Acts, where any yearly interest of money chargeable to tax under Case III of Schedule D is paid—

(a)otherwise than in a fiduciary or representative capacity, by a company or local authority; or

(b)by or on behalf of a partnership of which a company is a member; or

(c)by any person to another person whose usual place of abode is outside the United Kingdom;

the person by or through whom the payment is made shall, on making the payment, deduct out of it a sum representing the amount of income tax thereon for the year in which the payment is made.

(3)Subsection (2) above does not apply—

(a)to interest payable in the United Kingdom on an advance from a bank carrying on a bona fide banking business in the United Kingdom; or

(b)to interest paid by such a bank in the ordinary course of that business; or

(c)to any payment to which section 124 applies; or

(d)to any payment to which section 369 or 479(1) applies;

and subsection (1) above does not apply to any small maintenance payment within the meaning of section 351.

350Charge to tax where payments made under section 349

(1)Where any payment within section 349 is made by or through any person, that person shall forthwith deliver to the inspector an account of the payment, and shall be assessable and chargeable with income tax at the basic rate on the payment, or on so much thereof as is not made out of profits or gains brought into charge to income tax.

(2)In section 349(1) any reference to a payment or sum as being not payable, or not wholly payable, out of profits or gains brought into charge to income tax shall be construed as a reference to it as being payable wholly or in part out of a source other than profits or gains brought into charge; and any such reference elsewhere in the Tax Acts shall be construed accordingly.

(3)All the provisions of the Income Tax Acts relating to persons who are to be chargeable with income tax, to income tax assessments, and to the collection and recovery of income tax, shall, so far as they are applicable, apply to the charge, assessment, collection and recovery of income tax under this section.

(4)Section 349 and this section have effect subject to the provisions of Schedule 16 which has effect for the purpose of regulating the time and manner in which companies resident in the United Kingdom—

(a)are to account for and pay income tax in respect of payments from which tax is deductible under section 349, and

(b)are to be repaid income tax in respect of payments received by them;

and for that purpose the Board may by regulations modify, supplement or replace any of the provisions of Schedule 16; and references in this Act and in any other enactment to any of those provisions shall be construed as including references to any such regulations.

(5)Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (4) above, regulations under that subsection may, in relation to income tax for which a company is liable to account, modify any provision of Parts II to VI of the Management Act or apply any such provision with or without modifications.

(6)Regulations under this section may—

(a)make different provision for different descriptions of companies and for different circumstances and may authorise the Board, where in their opinion there are special circumstances justifying it, to make special arrangements as respects income tax for which a company is liable to account or the repayment of income tax borne by a company;

(b)include such transitional and other supplemental provisions as appear to the Board to be expedient or necessary.

(7)The Board shall not make any regulations under this section unless a draft of them has been laid before and approved by a resolution of the House of Commons.

351Small maintenance payments

(1)In this section “small maintenance payments” means payments under an order made by a court in the United Kingdom—

(a)by one of the parties to a marriage (including a marriage which has been dissolved or annulled) to or for the benefit of the other party to that marriage for that other party’s maintenance,

(b)to any person under 21 years of age for his own benefit, maintenance or education, or

(c)to any person for the benefit, maintenance or education of a person under 21 years of age,

in respect of which the two conditions mentioned in subsection (2) below are satisfied; and “small maintenance order” means an order providing for the making of small maintenance payments.

(2)The first of the conditions referred to in subsection (1) above is—

(a)in the case of payments falling within paragraph (a) of that subsection, that the order for the time being requires them to be made—

(i)weekly at a rate not exceeding £48 per week, or

(ii)monthly at a rate not exceeding £208 per month;

(b)in the case of payments falling within paragraph (b) (but not within paragraph (a)) of that subsection, that the order for the time being requires them to be made—

(i)weekly at a rate not exceeding £48 per week, or

(ii)monthly at a rate not exceeding £208 per month;

(c)in the case of payments falling within paragraph (c) (but not within paragraph (a) or (b)) of that subsection, that the order for the time being requires them to be made—

(i)weekly at a rate not exceeding £25 per week, or

(ii)monthly at a rate not exceeding £108 per month;

and the second of those conditions is that the payments would fall within section 348 or 349(1), apart from subsection (3) of each of those sections and subsection (3) below.

(3)Small maintenance payments shall be made without deduction of income tax.

(4)Any sums paid in or towards the discharge of a small maintenance payment shall be chargeable under Case III of Schedule D, but the tax shall (notwithstanding anything in sections 64 to 67) be computed in all cases on the payments falling due in the year of assessment, so far as paid in that or any other year.

(5)A person making a claim in that behalf shall be entitled, in computing his total income for any year of assessment for any of the purposes of the Income Tax Acts, to deduct sums paid by him in or towards the discharge of any small maintenance payments which fall due in that year; and, for the purposes of section 276, any amount which can be deducted under this subsection in computing the total income of a person shall be treated as if it were income the tax on which that person is entitled to charge against another person.

(6)The Treasury may from time to time by order increase any, or all, of the amounts for the time being specified in subsection (2) above.

(7)An order under subsection (6) above which increases the amount for the time being specified in sub-paragraph (i) of paragraph (a), (b) or (c) of subsection (2) above shall increase the amount for the time being specified in sub-paragraph (ii) of that paragraph so that it is 52 twelfths of the amount specified in sub-paragraph (i) by virtue of the order or, if that does not give a convenient round sum, such other amount as appears to the Treasury to be the nearest convenient round sum; and an order under that subsection may contain provision whereby it—

(a)does not in general affect payments falling due in the year of assessment in which it comes into force under small maintenance orders made before its coming into force, but

(b)in the case of a small maintenance order which was made before that time but is varied or revived after that time, does apply in relation to payments falling due under that order at any time after the variation or revival.

(8)Where a court—

(a)makes or revives a small maintenance order, or

(b)varies or revives an order so that it becomes, or ceases to be, a small maintenance order, or

(c)changes the persons who are entitled to small maintenance payments,

the court shall furnish to the Board, in such form as the Board may prescribe, particulars of the order or variation, as the case may be, the names of the persons affected by the order, and, so far as is known to the court, the addresses of those persons.

In this subsection—

(i)“the persons affected”, in relation to a small maintenance order, means the person liable to make the payments under the order and any person for the time being entitled to the payments, and

(ii)references to the variation of an order include references to the making of an order changing the persons entitled to the payments under it.

352Certificates of deduction of tax

(1)A person making any payment which is subject to deduction of income tax by virtue of section 339, 348, 349 or 687 shall, if the recipient so requests in writing, furnish him with a statement in writing showing the gross amount of the payment, the amount of tax deducted, and the actual amount paid.

(2)The duty imposed by subsection (1) above shall be enforceable at the suit or instance of the person requesting the statement.

Relief for payments of interest (excluding MIRAS)

353General provision

(1)Where a person pays in any year of assessment—

(a)annual interest chargeable to tax under Case III of Schedule D; or

(b)interest payable in the United Kingdom or the Republic of Ireland on an advance from a bank carrying on a bona fide banking business in the United Kingdom or the Republic of Ireland or from a person bona fide carrying on a business as a member of the Stock Exchange or bona fide carrying on the business of a discount house in the United Kingdom or the Republic of Ireland;

and the interest is stated in sections 354 to 365 to be eligible for relief under this section, then, if he makes a claim to the relief and subject to the following provisions of this section, sections 354 to 368 and section 237(5)(b), the amount of the interest shall be deducted from or set off against his income for that year of assessment, and income tax shall be discharged or repaid accordingly.

(2)This section does not apply to a payment of relevant loan interest to which section 369 applies.

(3)Relief under this section shall not be given in respect of—

(a)interest on a debt incurred by overdrawing an account or by debiting the account of any person as the holder of a credit card or under similar arrangements; or

(b)where interest is paid at a rate in excess of a reasonable commercial rate, so much of the interest as represents the excess.

354Loans to buy land etc

(1)Subject to sections 355 to 358 and subsections (2) to (6) below, interest is eligible for relief under section 353 if it is paid by a person for the time being owning an estate or interest in land, or the property in a caravan or house-boat, in the United Kingdom or the Republic of Ireland on a loan to defray money applied—

(a)in purchasing that estate, interest or property, or another estate, interest or property absorbed into, or given up to obtain, that estate, interest or property; or

(b)in improving or developing the land, or buildings on the land; or

(c)in paying off another loan, if interest on that other loan would have been eligible for relief under section 353 had the loan not been paid off (on the assumption, if the loan was free of interest, that it carried interest) or would have been so eligible apart from section 353(2).

(2)In this section and section 355—

(a)references to money applied in improving or developing land or buildings include references to payments in respect of maintenance or repairs incurred by reason of dilapidation attributable to a period before the estate or interest was acquired, but otherwise do not include references to payments in respect of maintenance or repairs, or any of the other payments mentioned in section 25(1); and

(b)references to money applied in improving or developing land include references to expenditure incurred or defrayed directly or indirectly in respect of street works, other than works of maintenance or repair, for any highway or road, or in Scotland any right of way, adjoining or serving the land.

(3)Interest is eligible for relief under section 353 in the case of a caravan only if the caravan—

(a)is a large caravan, or

(b)taken with the land on which it stands, is for the time being a rateable hereditament for the purposes of a relevant enactment and the owner or the wife or husband of the owner has as occupier of the caravan duly paid rates under the relevant enactment for the period in which the interest was paid.

In this subsection—

• “relevant enactment” means the [1967 c. 9] General Rate Act 1967, any corresponding enactment in force in Scotland or the Republic of Ireland or the [S.I. 1977/2157 (N.I. 28).] Rates (Northern Ireland) Order 1977; and

• “hereditament”, in relation to Scotland, means lands and heritages.

(4)References in this section and in section 355 to an estate or interest do not include references—

(a)to a rentcharge or, in Scotland, a superiority or the interest of a creditor in a contract of ground annual; or

(b)to the interest of a chargee or mortgagee or, in Scotland, the interest of a creditor in a charge or security of any kind over land.

(5)Where this section applies to a loan by reason of the land, caravan or house-boat concerned being used as a person’s only or main residence, and the borrower raises another loan to defray money to be applied as mentioned in subsection (1) above with a view to the use of other land or another caravan or house-boat as that person’s only or main residence and the disposal of the first-mentioned land, caravan or house-boat, then in relation to interest payable within 12 months from the making of the other loan, this section—

(a)shall continue to apply to the first-mentioned loan, whether or not the first-mentioned land, caravan or house-boat continues to be so used; and

(b)shall apply to the other loan to the same extent (if any) as if no interest were payable on the first-mentioned loan.

(6)If it appears to the Board reasonable to do so, having regard to all the circumstances of a particular case, they may direct that in relation to that case subsection (5) above shall have effect as if for the reference to 12 months there were substituted a reference to such longer period as meets the circumstances of that case.

(7)Where interest is payable by the tenant occupier of any property to the landlord in pursuance of arrangements whereby money advanced at interest by the landlord is applied by the tenant in purchasing the landlord’s estate or interest, or in the case of a caravan or house-boat the property in the caravan or house-boat, but that estate or interest or property is not to pass to the tenant until some time after the interest begins to be payable, this section and section 355(5) shall have effect in relation to the tenant as if he were the owner of the landlord’s estate, interest or property.

355Matters excluded from section 354

(1)Subject to the following provisions of this section and sections 356 to 358, section 354 shall not apply unless the land, caravan or house-boat in question—

(a)is at the time the interest is paid used as the only or main residence of the person by whom it is paid (“the borrower”) or of a dependent relative or former or separated spouse of his, or, if the interest is paid less than 12 months after the date on which the loan is made, is so used within 12 months after that date; or

(b)is, in any period of 52 weeks comprising the time at which the interest is payable and falling wholly or partly within the year of assessment, let at a commercial rent for more than 26 weeks and, when not so let, either available for letting at such a rent or used as mentioned in paragraph (a) above or prevented from being so available or used by any works of construction or repair;

and shall in a case within paragraph (a) above apply only within the limit imposed by section 357.

(2)If it appears to the Board reasonable to do so, having regard to all the circumstances of a particular case, they may direct that in relation to that case subsection (1) above shall have effect as if for the references to 12 months there were substituted references to such longer period as meets the circumstances of that case.

(3)The land, caravan or house-boat does not fall within subsection (1)(a) above by reason of its being used as the only or main residence of a dependent relative of the borrower unless it is provided rent-free and without any other consideration.

(4)Relief under section 353 for interest eligible for it by virtue of section 354 in a case where it is eligible only because the land, caravan or house-boat referred to in it falls under subsection (1)(b) above shall be given only against income from the letting of that or any other land, caravan or house-boat, but may, if and to the extent that such income for the year of assessment is insufficient, be given against such income for the following year, and so on, provided the first-mentioned land, caravan or house-boat continues to fall under that subsection.

(5)Subsection (1)(a) of section 354 shall not apply—

(a)where the seller and purchaser are husband and wife and either sells to the other, or

(b)where the purchaser, or the wife or husband of the purchaser, has since 15th April 1969 disposed of an estate or interest in the land, or the property in the caravan or house-boat, in question, and it appears that the main purpose of the disposal and purchase was to obtain relief in respect of interest on the loan, or

(c)where the purchasers are the trustees of a settlement, and the seller is the settlor, or the wife or husband of the settlor, and it appears that the main purpose of the purchase is to obtain relief in respect of interest on the loan, or

(d)where the purchaser is directly or indirectly purchasing from a person who is connected with him, and the price substantially exceeds the value of what is acquired;

and subsection (1)(b) of that section shall not apply where the person spending the money is connected with the person who directly or indirectly receives the money, and the money substantially exceeds the value of the work done.

For the purposes of this subsection—

(i)references to a husband and wife are references to a husband and his wife living with him; and

(ii)one person is connected with another if he is so connected within the terms of section 839.

356Job-related accommodation

(1)Section 355(1) shall not prevent relief being given under section 353 in a case where the land, caravan or house-boat in question—

(a)is, at the time the interest is paid, used by the borrower as a residence or, if it is paid less than 12 months after the date on which the loan is made, is so used by him within 12 months after that date; or

(b)is intended at that time to be used in due course as his only or main residence;

and at that time he resides in living accommodation which is for him job-related.

(2)A borrower for whom there are two or more properties falling within subsection (1) above may not by virtue of this section claim relief for any period under section 353 in respect of more than one of them.

(3)Subject to subsections (4) and (5) below, living accommodation is job-related for a person if—

(a)it is provided for him by reason of his employment, or for his spouse by reason of her employment, in any of the following cases—

(i)where it is necessary for the proper performance of the duties of the employment that the employee should reside in that accommodation;

(ii)where the accommodation is provided for the better performance of the duties of the employment, and it is one of the kinds of employment in the case of which it is customary for employers to provide living accommodation for employees;

(iii)where, there being a special threat to the employee’s security, special security arrangements are in force and the employee resides in the accommodation as part of those arrangements; or

(b)under a contract entered into at arm’s length and requiring him or his spouse to carry on a particular trade, profession or vocation, he or his spouse is bound—

(i)to carry on that trade, profession or vocation on premises or other land provided by another person (whether under a tenancy or otherwise); and

(ii)to live either on those premises or on other premises provided by that other person.

(4)If the living accommodation is provided by a company and the employee is a director of that or an associated company, subsection (3)(a)(i) or (ii) above shall not apply unless—

(a)the company of which the employee is a director is one in which he or she has no material interest; and

(b)either—

(i)the employment is as a full-time working director, or

(ii)the company is non-profit making, that is to say, it does not carry on a trade nor do its functions consist wholly or mainly in the holding of investments or other property, or

(iii)the company is established for charitable purposes only.

(5)Subsection (3)(b) above does not apply if the living accommodation concerned is in whole or in part provided by—

(a)a company in which the borrower or his spouse has a material interest; or

(b)any person or persons together with whom the borrower or his spouse carries on a trade or business in partnership.

(6)For the purposes of this section—

(a)a company is an associated company of another if one of them has control of the other or both are under the control of the same person; and

(b)“employment”, “director”, “full-time working director”, “material interest” and “control”, in relation to a body corporate, have the same meanings as they have for the purposes of Chapter II of Part V.

357Limit on amount of loan eligible for relief by virtue of section 354

(1)Interest on a loan (“the limited loan”) which (apart from this subsection) is eligible for relief under section 353 by virtue of section 355(1)(a) or 356(1) shall be so eligible for relief only to the extent that the amount on which it is payable does not exceed the following limit, that is to say, the qualifying maximum for the year of assessment reduced by the amount on which interest is payable by the borrower under any earlier loans so eligible for relief, so that—

(a)if the amount on which interest is payable under the limited loan exceeds the limit, so much only of that interest is eligible for relief as bears to the whole of that interest the same proportion as that part of that amount which does not exceed the limit bears to the whole of that amount; and

(b)if the amount on which interest is payable under any earlier loans is equal to or exceeds the qualifying maximum for the year of assessment, none of the interest on the limited loan is eligible for relief.

(2)Where a loan on which interest is payable by the borrower was made jointly to the borrower and another person, not being the borrower’s husband or wife, then, if—

(a)the land, caravan or house-boat concerned is used as the main or only residence of that other person, or of a dependent relative or former or separated spouse of his, and

(i)that other person owns an estate or interest in the land or the property in the caravan or house-boat, and

(ii)that other person pays part of the interest payable on the loan; or

(b)that other person falls within sub-paragraphs (i) and (ii) of paragraph (a) above and is by virtue of section 356 entitled to claim relief under section 353 in respect of that part of the interest,

the amount on which interest is payable under the loan shall be treated for the purposes of this section as being such part only of that amount as bears to the whole thereof the same proportion as the amount of interest paid by the borrower bears to the whole of the interest paid on the loan.

(3)For the purposes of this section—

(a)any interest payable on a loan made to the borrower’s husband or wife shall be treated as payable on a loan made to the borrower; and

(b)where interest is payable on more than one loan made or treated as made to the borrower and the loans were made simultaneously it shall be treated as payable on one loan.

(4)Where section 354 continues to apply to a loan by virtue of section 354(5)(a), this section shall also continue to have effect in relation to the loan as if section 354 applied to it by virtue of section 355(1)(a).

(5)References in this section to the borrower’s husband or wife do not include references to a separated husband or wife.

(6)In determining whether the amount on which interest is payable under a loan exceeds the limit in subsection (1) above, no account shall be taken of so much (if any) of that amount as consists of interest which has been added to capital and does not exceed £1000.

358Relief where borrower deceased

(1)Where any interest paid by persons as the personal representatives of a deceased person or as the trustees of a settlement made by his will would, on the assumptions required by this section, be eligible for relief under section 353 by virtue of section 354 above and, in a case where subsection (3) below applies, one of the conditions in subsection (4) below is satisfied, that interest shall be so eligible notwithstanding sections 354 to 357.

(2)For the purposes of subsection (1) above it shall be assumed that the deceased would have survived and been the borrower.

(3)If, at his death,—

(a)the land, caravan or house-boat concerned was used as his only or main residence, or

(b)it was used by him as a residence or was intended to be used in due course as his only or main residence and, in either case, he resided in job-related living accommodation;

that shall be assumed for the purposes of subsection (1) above to have continued to be the case.

(4)The conditions referred to in subsection (1) above are—

(a)that, at the time the interest is paid, the land, caravan or house-boat concerned is used as the only or main residence of the deceased’s widow or widower or of any dependent relative of the deceased;

(b)that, at that time, it is used by the deceased’s widow or widower as a residence or is intended to be used in due course as his or her only or main residence and, in either case, he or she resides in job-related living accommodation.

(5)In this section “personal representatives” has the meaning given by section 701; and subsections (3) to (6) of section 356 apply in relation to this section as they apply in relation to that.

359Loan to buy machinery or plant

(1)Where an individual is a member of a partnership which, under section 44 of the 1968 Act, is entitled to a capital allowance or liable to a balancing charge for any year of assessment in respect of machinery or plant belonging to the individual, any interest paid by him in the basis period (as defined in section 72 of that Act) for that year on a loan to defray money applied as capital expenditure on the provision of that machinery or plant is eligible for relief under section 353, except interest falling due and payable more than three years after the end of the year of assessment in which the debt was incurred.

(2)Where the machinery or plant is in use partly for the purposes of the trade, profession or vocation carried on by the partnership and partly for other purposes, such part only of the interest is eligible for relief under section 353 as is just and reasonable to attribute to the purposes of the trade, profession or vocation, having regard to all the relevant circumstances and, in particular, to the extent of the use for those other purposes.

(3)Where the holder of an office or employment—

(a)is under Chapter II of Part I of the 1968 Act or Chapter I of Part III of the [1971 c. 68.] Finance Act 1971 entitled to a capital allowance or liable to a balancing charge, (or would be so entitled or liable but for some contribution made by the employer), for any year of assessment in respect of machinery or plant belonging to him and in use for the purposes of the office or employment; and

(b)pays interest in that year on a loan to defray money applied as capital expenditure on the provision of that machinery or plant;

the interest so paid is eligible for relief under section 353 unless it is interest falling due and payable more than three years after the end of the year of assessment in which the debt was incurred.

(4)Where the machinery or plant is in use partly for the purposes of the office or employment and partly for other purposes, such part only of the interest is eligible for relief under section 353 as it is just and reasonable to attribute to the purposes of the office or employment, having regard to all the relevant circumstances and, in particular, to the extent of the use for those other purposes.

360Loan to buy interest in close company

(1)Subject to the following provisions of this section and sections 361 to 364, interest is eligible for relief under section 353 if it is interest on a loan to an individual to defray money applied—

(a)in acquiring any part of the ordinary share capital of a close company satisfying any of the conditions of section 424(4); or

(b)in lending money to such a close company which is used wholly and exclusively for the purposes of the business of the company or of any associated company of it which is a close company satisfying any of those conditions; or

(c)in paying off another loan interest on which would have been eligible for relief under section 353 had the loan not been paid off (on the assumption, if the loan was free of interest, that it carried interest);

and either the conditions stated in subsection (2) below or those stated in subsection (3) below are satisfied.

(2)The conditions first referred to in subsection (1) above are—

(a)that, when the interest is paid, the company continues to satisfy any of the conditions of section 424(4) and the individual has a material interest in the company; and

(b)that he shows that in the period from the application of the proceeds of the loan to the payment of the interest he has not recovered any capital from the company, apart from any amount taken into account under section 363(1); and

(c)that, if the company exists wholly or mainly for the purpose of holding investments or other property, no property held by the company is used as a residence by the individual;

but the condition in paragraph (c) above shall not apply in a case where the individual has worked for the greater part of his time in the actual management or conduct of the business of the company, or of an associated company of the company.

(3)The conditions secondly referred to in subsection (1) above are—

(a)that, when the interest is paid, the company continues to satisfy any of the conditions of section 424(4) and the individual holds any part of the ordinary share capital of the company; and

(b)that in the period from the application of the proceeds of the loan to the payment of the interest the individual has worked for the greater part of his time in the actual management or conduct of the company or of an associated company of the company; and

(c)that he shows in the period from the application of the proceeds of the loan to the payment of the interest he has not recovered any capital from the company, apart from any amount taken into account under section 363(1).

(4)In this section expressions to which a meaning is assigned by Part XI have that meaning, but—

(a)in relation to any loan made after 5th April 1987, paragraph 39 of Schedule 9 shall have effect for determining whether the interest on the loan is eligible for relief under section 353 by virtue of this section; and

(b)in relation to any loan made before 14th November 1986, section 417 shall have effect subject to the following modifications—

(i)in subsection (3)(c) for the words following “deceased person” there shall be substituted the words “subject to subsection (3A) below, any other person interested therein”; and

(ii)after subsection (3) there shall be added—

“(3A)Subsection (3)(c) above shall not apply so as to make an individual an associate as being entitled or eligible to benefit under a trust—

(a)if the trust relates exclusively to an exempt approved scheme as defined in section 592; or

(b)if the trust is exclusively for the benefit of the employees, or the employees and directors, of the company or their dependants (and not wholly or mainly for the benefit of directors or their relatives), and the individual in question is not (and could not as a result of the operation of the trust become), either on his own or with his relatives, the beneficial owner of more than 5 per cent. of the ordinary share capital of the company;

and in applying paragraph (b) above any charitable trusts which may arise on the failure or determination of other trusts shall be disregarded.”

361Loan to buy interest in co-operative or employee-controlled company

(1)Subject to the following provisions of this section and sections 363 and 364, interest is eligible for relief under section 353 if it is interest on a loan to an individual to defray money applied—

(a)in acquiring a share or shares in a body which is a co-operative as defined by section 363(5); or

(b)in lending money to any such body which is used wholly and exclusively for the purposes of the business of that body or of a subsidiary of that body; or

(c)in paying off another loan interest on which would have been eligible for relief under section 353 had the loan not been paid off (on the assumption, if it was free of interest, that it carried interest);

and the conditions in subsection (2) below are satisfied.

(2)The conditions referred to in subsection (1) above are—

(a)that the loan was made after 10th March 1981;

(b)that, when the interest is paid, the body continues to be a co-operative; and

(c)that in the period from the application of the proceeds of the loan to the payment of the interest the individual has worked for the greater part of his time as an employee of the body or of a subsidiary of the body; and

(d)that he shows that in that period he has not recovered any capital from the body apart from any taken into account under section 363(1).

(3)Subject to sections 362 to 365, interest is eligible for relief under section 353 if it is interest on a loan to an individual to defray money applied—

(a)in acquiring any part of the ordinary share capital of an employee-controlled company; or

(b)in paying off another loan, interest on which would have been eligible for relief under section 353 had the loan not been paid off (on the assumption, if it was free of interest, that it carried interest);

and the conditions stated in subsection (4) below are satisfied.

(4)The conditions referred to in subsection (3) above are that—

(a)the company is, throughout the period beginning with the date on which the shares are acquired and ending with the date on which the interest is paid—

(i)an unquoted company resident in the United Kingdom and not resident elsewhere; and

(ii)a trading company or the holding company of a trading group;

(b)the shares are acquired before, or not later than 12 months after, the date on which the company first becomes an employee-controlled company;

(c)during the year of assessment in which the interest is paid the company either—

(i)first becomes an employee-controlled company; or

(ii)is such a company throughout a period of at least nine months;

(d)the individual or his spouse is a full-time employee of the company throughout the period beginning with the date on which the proceeds of the loan are applied and ending with the date on which the interest is paid or, if at that date he has ceased to be such an employee, ending with whichever is the later of—

(i)the date on which he ceased to be such an employee;

(ii)the date 12 months before the payment of the interest; and

(e)the individual shows that in the period from the application of the proceeds of the loan to the payment of the interest he has not recovered any capital from the company, apart from any amount taken into account under section 363(1).

(5)For the purposes of this section a company is employee-controlled at any time when more than 50 per cent.—

(a)of the issued ordinary share capital of the company, and

(b)of the voting power in the company,

is beneficially owned by persons who, or whose spouses, are full-time employees of the company.

(6)Where an individual owns beneficially, or he and his spouse together own beneficially, more than 10 per cent. of the issued ordinary share capital of, or voting power in, a company, the excess shall be treated for the purposes of subsection (5) above as being owned by an individual who is neither a full-time employee of the company nor the spouse of such an employee.

(7)Where an individual and his spouse are both full-time employees of the company, subsection (6) above shall apply in relation to them with the omission of the words “or he and his spouse together own beneficially”.

(8)In this section—

• “full-time employee”, in relation to a company, means a person who works for the greater part of his time as an employee or director of the company or of a 51 per cent. subsidiary of the company;

• “holding company” means a company whose business (disregarding any trade carried on by it) consists wholly or mainly of the holding of shares or securities of one or more companies which are its 75 per cent. subsidiaries;

• “trading company” means a company whose business consists wholly or mainly of the carrying on of a trade or trades;

• “trading group” means a group the business of whose members taken together consists wholly or mainly of the carrying on of a trade or trades, and for this purpose “group” means a company which has one or more 75 per cent. subsidiaries together with those subsidiaries; and

• “unquoted company” means a company none of whose shares are listed in the Official List of the Stock Exchange.

362Loan to buy into partnership

(1)Subject to sections 363 to 365, interest is eligible for relief under section 353 if it is interest on a loan to an individual to defray money applied—

(a)in purchasing a share in a partnership; or

(b)in contributing money to a partnership by way of capital or premium, or in advancing money to a partnership, where the money contributed or advanced is used wholly for the purposes of the trade, profession or vocation carried on by the partnership; or

(c)in paying off another loan interest on which would have been eligible for relief under that section had the loan not been paid off (on the assumption, if the loan was free of interest, that it carried interest);

and the conditions stated in subsection (2) below are satisfied.

(2)The conditions referred to in subsection (1) above are—

(a)that, throughout the period from the application of the proceeds of the loan until the interest was paid, the individual has been a member of the partnership otherwise than as a limited partner; and

(b)that he shows that in that period he has not recovered any capital from the partnership, apart from any amount taken into account under section 363(1).

363Provisions supplementary to sections 360 to 362

(1)If at any time after the application of the proceeds of the loan the individual has recovered any amount of capital from the close company, co-operative, employee-controlled company or partnership without using that amount in repayment of the loan, he shall be treated for the purposes of sections 353, 360, 361 and 362 as if he had at that time repaid that amount out of the loan, so that out of the interest otherwise eligible for relief (or, where section 367(4) applies, out of the proportion so eligible) and payable for any period after that time there shall be deducted an amount equal to interest on the amount of capital so recovered.

(2)The individual shall be treated as having recovered an amount of capital from the close company, co-operative, employee-controlled company or partnership if—

(a)he receives consideration of that amount or value for the sale, exchange or assignment of any part of the ordinary share capital of the company or of his share or shares in the co-operative or of his interest in the partnership, or of any consideration of that amount or value by way of repayment of any part of that ordinary share capital or of his share or shares in the co-operative; or

(b)the close company, co-operative, employee-controlled company or partnership repays that amount of a loan or advance from him or the partnership returns that amount of capital to him; or

(c)he receives consideration of that amount or value for assigning any debt due to him from the close company, co-operative, employee-controlled company or partnership;

and where a sale or assignment is not a bargain made at arm’s length, the sale or assignment shall be deemed to be for a consideration of an amount equal to the market value of what is disposed of.

(3)In the application of this section to Scotland for the word “assignment” wherever it occurs there shall be substituted the word “assignation”.

(4)Section 360, or, as the case may be, 361(2) or (4) or 362(2) and subsections (1) to (3) above, shall apply to a loan within section 360(1)(c), 361(1)(c) or (3)(b) or 362(1)(c) as if it, and any loan it replaces, were one loan, and so that—

(a)references to the application of the proceeds of the loan were references to the application of the proceeds of the original loan; and

(b)any restriction under subsection (1) above which applies to any loan which has been replaced shall apply to the loan which replaces it.

(5)In this section and sections 361 and 362—

• “co-operative” means a common ownership enterprise or a co-operative enterprise as defined in section 2 of the [1976 c. 78.] Industrial Common Ownership Act 1976; and

• “subsidiary” has the same meaning as for the purposes of section 2 of that Act.

364Loan to pay inheritance tax

(1)Interest is eligible for relief under section 353 if it is interest on a loan to the personal representatives of a deceased person, the proceeds of which are applied—

(a)in paying, before the grant of representation or confirmation, capital transfer tax or inheritance tax payable on the delivery of the personal representatives' account and attributable to the value of personal property to which the deceased was beneficially entitled immediately before his death and which vests in the personal representatives or would vest in them if the property were situated in the United Kingdom; or

(b)in paying off another loan interest on which would have been eligible for that relief by virtue of this section if the loan had not been paid off (on the assumption, if the loan was free of interest, that it carried interest);

and the interest is paid in respect of a period ending within one year from the making of the loan within paragraph (a) above.

(2)If or to the extent that any relief in respect of interest eligible for it under subsection (1) above cannot be given against income of the year in which the interest is paid because of an insufficiency of income in that year, it may instead be given against income of the preceding year of assessment, and so on; and if or to the extent that it cannot be so given it may instead be given against income of the year following that in which the interest is paid, and so on.

(3)Sufficient evidence of the amount of capital transfer tax or inheritance tax paid as mentioned in subsection (1)(a) above and of any statements relevant to its computation may be given by the production of a document purporting to be a certificate from the Board.

(4)For the purposes of subsections (1) to (3) above—

(a)references to capital transfer tax or inheritance tax include any interest payable on that tax; and

(b)references to interest in respect of a period ending within a given time apply whether or not interest continues to run after that time.

365Loan to buy life annuity

(1)Subject to the following provisions of this section, interest is eligible for relief under section 353 if it is interest on a loan in respect of which the following conditions are satisfied—

(a)that the loan was made as part of a scheme under which not less than nine-tenths of the proceeds of the loan were applied to the purchase by the person to whom it was made of an annuity ending with his life or with the life of the survivor of two or more persons (“the annuitants”) who include the person to whom the loan was made;

(b)that at the time the loan was made the person to whom it was made or each of the annuitants had attained the age of 65 years;

(c)that the loan was secured on land in the United Kingdom or the Republic of Ireland and the person to whom it was made or one of the annuitants owns an estate or interest in that land; and

(d)that, if the loan was made after 26th March 1974, the person to whom it was made or each of the annuitants uses the land on which it was secured as his only or main residence at the time the interest is paid.

(2)Interest is not eligible for relief by virtue of this section unless it is payable by the person to whom the loan was made or by one of the annuitants.

(3)If the loan was made after 26th March 1974 interest on it is eligible for relief by virtue of this section only to the extent that the amount on which it is payable does not exceed the qualifying maximum for the year of assessment; and if the interest is payable by two or more persons the interest payable by each of them is so eligible only to the extent that the amount on which it is payable does not exceed such amount as bears to the qualifying maximum for the year of assessment the same proportion as the interest payable by him bears to the interest payable by both or all of them.

366Information

(1)A person who claims relief under section 353 in respect of any payment of interest shall furnish to the inspector a statement in writing by the person to whom the payment is made, showing—

(a)the date when the debt was incurred;

(b)the amount of the debt when incurred;

(c)the interest paid in the year of assessment for which the claim is made (or, in the case of relief by virtue of section 355(4) or 364(2), the year of assessment for which the claim would be made but for an insufficiency of income); and

(d)the name and address of the debtor.

(2)Where any such interest as is mentioned in section 353 is paid, the person to whom it is paid shall, if the person who pays it so requests in writing, furnish him with such statement as regards that interest as is mentioned in subsection (1) above; and the duty imposed by this subsection shall be enforceable at the suit or instance of the person making the request.

(3)Subsections (1) and (2) above do not apply to interest paid to a building society, or to a local authority.

367Provisions supplementary to sections 354 to 366

(1)In sections 354 to 366 as they apply throughout the United Kingdom and in relation to the Republic of Ireland—

• “caravan” has the meaning given by section 29(1) of the [1960 c. 62.] Caravan Sites and Control of Development Act 1960;

• “dependent relative” means, in relation to any person, a relative of his, or of his spouse, who is incapacitated by old age or infirmity from maintaining himself, or the mother of that person, or of his spouse, if the mother is widowed or living apart from her husband, or, in consequence of dissolution or annulment of marriage, a single woman;

• “house-boat” means a boat or similar structure designed or adapted for use as a place of permanent habitation;

• “large caravan” means one which has either or both of the following dimensions—

  (a)

  an overall length (excluding any draw bar) exceeding 22 feet;

  (b)

  an overall width exceeding seven feet six inches;

  where “overall length” and “overall width” have the meanings given in Regulation 3 of the [S.I. 1966/1288.] Motor Vehicles (Construction and Use) Regulations 1966;

• “separated” means separated under an order of a court of competent jurisdiction or by deed of separation or in such circumstances that the separation is likely to be permanent; and

• “street works” means any works for the sewering, levelling, paving, metalling, flagging, channelling and making good of a road, and includes the provision of proper means for lighting a road.

(2)Sections 354(1) and 360 to 364 do not apply to a loan unless it is made—

(a)in connection with the application of money, and

(b)on the occasion of, or within what is in the circumstances a reasonable time from, the application of the money;

and those sections do not apply to a loan the proceeds of which are applied for some other purpose before being applied as mentioned in those sections.

(3)For the purposes of sections 354 to 364, the giving of credit for any money due from the purchaser under any sale shall be treated as the making of a loan to defray money applied by him in making the purchase.

(4)Where part only of a debt fulfils the conditions required under sections 354 to 364 for interest on the debt to be eligible for relief under section 353, such proportion of the interest shall be treated as eligible for relief under that section as is equal to the portion of the debt fulfilling those conditions at the time of the application of the money in question.

(5)In sections 357(1) and 365(3) references to the qualifying maximum for the year of assessment are references to such sum as Parliament may determine for the purpose for that year.

368Exclusion of double relief etc

(1)Interest in respect of which relief is given under section 353 shall not be allowable as a deduction for any other purpose of the Income Tax Acts.

(2)Relief shall not be given under section 353 against income chargeable to corporation tax, and shall not be given against any other income of a company, except where both of the following conditions are satisfied, that is to say—

(a)that the company is not resident in the United Kingdom; and

(b)that the interest cannot be taken into account in computing corporation tax chargeable on the company.

(3)Where interest on any debt or liability is taken into account in the computation of profits or gains or losses for the purposes of Case I or II of Schedule D no relief shall be given under section 353—

(a)in respect of the payment of that interest; or

(b)in respect of interest on the same debt or liability which is paid in any year of assessment for which that computation is relevant.

(4)Where relief is given under section 353 in respect of the interest paid in any year of assessment on any debt or liability—

(a)that interest shall not be taken into account in the computation of profits or gains or losses for the purposes of Case I or II of Schedule D for any year of assessment; and

(b)interest on that debt or liability shall not be taken into account in that computation for any year of assessment for which the interest so paid could have been taken into account but for the relief.

(5)For the purposes of subsections (3) and (4) above, all interest capable of being taken into account in such a computation as is mentioned in those subsections which is payable by any person on money advanced to him on current account, whether advanced on one or more accounts or by the same or separate banks or other persons, shall be treated as interest payable on the same debt.

(6)References in subsections (3) and (4) above to relief given or an amount taken into account are references to relief given or an amount taken into account on a claim or in an assessment which has been finally determined.

Mortgage interest relief at source

369Mortgage interest payable under deduction of tax

(1)If a person who is a qualifying borrower makes a payment of relevant loan interest to which this section applies, he shall be entitled, on making the payment, to deduct and retain out of it a sum equal to income tax thereon at the basic rate for the year of assessment in which the payment becomes due.

(2)Where a sum is deducted under subsection (1) above from a payment of relevant loan interest—

(a)the person to whom the payment is made shall allow the deduction on receipt of the residue;

(b)the borrower shall be acquitted and discharged of so much money as is represented by the deduction as if the sum had been actually paid; and

(c)the sum deducted shall be treated as income tax paid by the person to whom the payment is made.

(3)Where payments of relevant loan interest to which this section applies become due in any year, the borrower shall be charged with tax at the basic rate for that year on an amount of income equal, subject to subsection (4) below, to the deduction which, in computing his total income, falls to be made on account of those payments.

(4)In any case where—

(a)payments of relevant loan interest to which this section applies become due in any year; and

(b)the total income of the borrower for that year is such that he cannot benefit from any or, as the case may be, the full amount of the relevant personal reliefs to which he is entitled;

so much of that full amount as cannot be deducted from his total income shall be deducted from the amount of income on which he is chargeable to tax by virtue of subsection (3) above.

(5)In subsection (4) above “relevant personal relief” means any relief to which the borrower concerned is entitled under Chapter I of Part VII other than—

(a)relief under section 266 which is given either by deduction by virtue of subsection (5) of that section or in accordance with paragraph 6 of Schedule 14; and

(b)relief under section 273;

and for the purposes of subsection (4) above the full amount of those reliefs means the amount of them determined without regard to section 276.

(6)Any person by whom a payment of relevant loan interest to which this section applies is received shall be entitled to recover from the Board, in accordance with regulations, an amount which by virtue of subsection (2)(c) above is treated as income tax paid by him; and any amount so recovered shall be treated for the purposes of the Tax Acts in like manner as the payment of relevant loan interest to which it relates.

370Relevant loan interest

(1)Subject to this section and sections 371 to 376, in this Part “relevant loan interest” means interest which is paid and payable in the United Kingdom to a qualifying lender and to which subsection (2) or (3) below applies.

(2)Subject to subsection (4) below, this subsection applies to interest if, disregarding section 353(2)—

(a)it is interest falling within section 354(1) or 365; and

(b)apart from section 74(o) and, where applicable, section 357 or 365(3), the whole of the interest either would be eligible for relief under section 353 or would be taken into account in a computation of profits or gains or losses for the purposes of Case I, II or VI of Schedule D for any year of assessment; and

(c)except in the case of interest falling within section 365, at the time the interest is paid, the condition in either section 355(1) or 356(1) is fulfilled with respect to the land, caravan or house-boat to which the loan concerned relates.

(3)This subsection applies to interest which is payable on a loan—

(a)in respect of which there was in force on 31st March 1983—

(i)an option notice given under section 24(2) of the [1967 c. 29.] Housing Subsidies Act 1967 (option mortgages) other than one falling within section 27(3)(b) of the [1982 c. 39.] Finance Act 1982; or

(ii)an option notice given under Article 142(2) of the [S.I. 1981/156 (N.I.3).] Housing (Northern Ireland) Order 1981 (option mortgages in Northern Ireland) other than one falling within section 27(4)(b) of the [1982 c. 39.] Finance Act 1982; and

(b)which relates to a dwelling in respect of which, at the time the interest is paid, the condition in section 355(1) is fulfilled.

(4)Subsection (2) above does not apply to interest payable on a loan the only security for which is a contract of insurance on human life or a contract to pay an annuity on human life.

(5)In determining whether subsection (2) above applies to any interest, sections 354(1) and 365 shall each have effect as if the words “or the Republic of Ireland” were omitted.

(6)In determining whether subsection (2)(c) above applies to any interest, section 355(1) shall have effect as if—

(a)in paragraph (a) after the word “used”, where it first occurs, there were inserted the words “wholly or to a substantial extent”; and

(b)paragraph (b) and the word “or” immediately preceding it were omitted.

(7)In determining for the purposes of subsection (3)(b) above whether the condition in section 355(1) is for the time being fulfilled with respect to any dwelling—

(a)subsection (1) of that section shall have effect as if for the words from “section 354” to “used” (where it first occurs) there were substituted the words “interest shall not be relevant loan interest for the purposes of section 369 unless the dwelling to which the loan relates is at the time the interest is paid used wholly or partly” and paragraph (b) and the word “or” immediately preceding it were omitted; and

(b)subsection (3) of that section shall have effect as if for “land, caravan or house-boat” there were substituted “dwelling”.

371Second loans

(1)Where at a time when interest on a loan (“the first loan”) is relevant loan interest, the borrower raises another loan to defray money to be applied as mentioned in section 354(1) with a view—

(a)to the use of other land or another caravan or house-boat wholly or partly as that person’s only or main residence, and

(b)to the disposal of the land, caravan, house-boat or dwelling to which the first loan relates,

then, in relation to interest payable within 12 months from the making of the other loan, the condition in section 355(1) shall be treated as continuing to be fulfilled.

(2)If in a case falling within subsection (1) above the interest on the first loan is interest to which section 370(2) applies and a direction is given under section 354(6) extending the period within which section 354 applies to that loan, subsection (1) above shall have effect in relation to that case as if for the reference to 12 months there were substituted a reference to such longer period as is specified in the direction.

(3)If in a case falling within subsection (1) above the interest on the first loan is interest to which section 370(3) applies and, having regard to the circumstances of that case, it appears to the Board reasonable to do so, they may direct that, in relation to that case, subsection (1) above shall have effect as if for the reference to 12 months there were substituted a reference to such longer period as meets the circumstances of the case.

372Home improvement loans

(1)Notwithstanding anything in section 370(2), interest on a home improvement loan (other than interest to which section 370(3) applies) is not relevant loan interest unless—

(a)the qualifying lender to whom the interest is payable is a building society or a local authority or the Northern Ireland Housing Executive; or

(b)the qualifying lender to whom the interest is payable has given notice to the Board in accordance with regulations that he is prepared to have those home improvement loans in respect of which he is the lender and which were made after such date as he may specify in the notice brought within the tax deduction scheme.

(2)A qualifying lender may not specify a date in a notice under subsection (1) above which is earlier than the earliest date on which paragraph 2 of Schedule 7 to the [1982 c. 39.] Finance Act 1982 applied, or, if that paragraph did not apply, section 370 applies to interest on any loan (whether or not a home improvement loan) made by him.

(3)In this section “home improvement loan” means a loan made to defray money applied wholly in improving or developing land or buildings on land or in paying off another loan which was itself to defray money so applied.

(4)Section 354(2) shall apply for the purposes of this section as it applies for the purposes of sections 354 and 355.

373Loans in excess of the qualifying maximum, and joint borrowers

(1)The provisions of this section have effect in relation to a loan where, by virtue of section 357(1) or section 365(3), only part of the interest on the loan would (apart from section 353(2)) be eligible for relief under section 353; and in this section any such loan is referred to as a “limited loan”.

(2)None of the interest on a limited loan is relevant loan interest unless—

(a)the loan is made on or after 6th April 1987; or

(b)the qualifying lender to whom the interest is payable has given notice to the Board in accordance with regulations that he is prepared to have limited loans of a description which includes that limited loan brought within the tax deduction scheme.

(3)If in a case where subsection (2) above applies section 357(1) requires an earlier loan to be taken into account for the purpose of determining that part of the limited loan interest on which would (apart from section 353(2)) be eligible for relief under section 353, none of the interest on the limited loan is relevant loan interest unless that earlier loan was made by the same qualifying lender as the limited loan.

(4)The reference in subsection (1) above to a loan only part of the interest on which would (apart from section 353(2)) be eligible for relief under section 353 includes a reference to each of two or more loans if, by virtue of subsection (3)(b) of section 357, the interest on the loans falls to be treated for the purposes of that section as payable on one loan; but, notwithstanding that each of those loans is accordingly a limited loan for the purposes of this section, none of the interest on any of them is relevant loan interest unless each of the loans was made by the same qualifying lender.

(5)Where the condition in paragraph (a) or (b) of subsection (2) above is fulfilled and, if subsection (3) or (4) above also applies, the condition in that subsection is also fulfilled only so much of the interest as (apart from section 353(2)) would be eligible for relief under section 353 is relevant loan interest.

(6)Where a loan on which interest is payable by the borrower was made jointly to the borrower and another person who is not the borrower’s husband or wife, the interest on the loan is not relevant loan interest unless—

(a)each of the persons to whom the loan was made is a qualifying borrower; and

(b)in relation to each of them considered separately, the whole of that interest is relevant loan interest, in accordance with sections 370 to 372 and this section.

(7)In subsection (6) above references to the borrower’s husband or wife do not include references to a separated husband or wife, and for this purpose “separated” has the meaning given by section 367(1).

374Conditions for application of section 369

(1)Section 369 does not apply to any relevant loan interest unless—

(a)in the case of a loan of a description specified by regulations for the purposes of this paragraph, the borrower or, in the case of joint borrowers, each of them has given notice to the lender in the prescribed form certifying—

(i)that he is a qualifying borrower; and

(ii)that the interest is relevant loan interest; and

(iii)such other matters as may be prescribed; or

(b)the Board have given notice to the lender and the borrower that the interest may be paid under deduction of tax; or

(c)it is interest to which section 370(3) applies; or

(d)the loan to which the interest relates is of a description specified by regulations for the purposes of this paragraph and was made—

(i)if sub-paragraph (2) of paragraph 2 of Schedule 7 to the [1982 c. 39.] Finance Act 1982 applied to interest on the loan which became due on or after a date earlier than 6th April 1983, being a date specified by the Board in pursuance of sub-paragraph (5) of that paragraph, before that earlier date; or

(ii)if the qualifying lender is a building society or a local authority, before 1st April 1983; or

(iii)if sub-paragraphs (i) and (ii) above do not apply and the interest falls within section 370(2), before 6th April 1983.

(2)Where notice has been given as mentioned in paragraph (a) or (b) of subsection (1) above, section 369 applies to any relevant loan interest to which the notice relates and which becomes due on or after the relevant date, as defined by subsection (3) below; and in a case falling within paragraph (c) or (d) of subsection (1) above, section 369 applies to the relevant loan interest referred to in that paragraph.

(3)In subsection (2) above “the relevant date” means—

(a)in the case of a notice under subsection (1)(a) above, the date the notice is given, and

(b)in the case of a notice under subsection (1)(b) above, a date specified in the notice as being the relevant date (which may be earlier than the date so specified as the date from which the interest may be paid under deduction of tax).

375Interest ceasing to be relevant loan interest, etc

(1)If at any time—

(a)the interest on a loan ceases to be relevant loan interest; or

(b)a person making payments of relevant loan interest ceases to be a qualifying borrower;

the borrower shall give notice of the fact to the lender.

(2)Without prejudice to subsection (3) below, in relation to a payment of interest—

(a)which is due after the time referred to in subsection (1) above and before the date on which notice is given under that subsection, and

(b)from which a deduction was made as mentioned in section 369(1),

section 369 shall have effect as if the payment were a payment of relevant loan interest made by a qualifying borrower.

(3)Nothing in subsection (2) above entitles the borrower to any relief from tax or other benefit and, accordingly, where the amount of any such relief or other benefit which is allowed by virtue of that subsection exceeds that which ought to have been allowed, he shall be liable to make good the excess and an inspector may make such assessments as may in his judgment be required for recovering the excess.

(4)The Management Act shall apply to an assessment under subsection (3) above as if it were an assessment to tax for the year of assessment in which the relief was given and as if—

(a)the assessment were among those specified in sections 55(1) (recovery of tax not postponed) and 86(2) (interest on overdue tax) of that Act; and

(b)the sum charged by the assessment were tax specified in paragraph 3 of the Table in section 86(4) of that Act (reckonable date).

(5)If, as a result of receiving a notice under subsection (1) above or otherwise, a qualifying lender has reason to believe that any interest is no longer relevant loan interest or that a borrower is no longer a qualifying borrower, the lender shall furnish the Board with such information as is in his possession with respect to those matters.

(6)Where it appears to the Board that any of the provisions of sections 370 to 373 is not or may not be fulfilled with respect to any interest, or that a qualifying borrower has or may have ceased to be a qualifying borrower, they shall give notice of that fact to the lender and the borrower specifying the description of relevant loan interest concerned or, as the case may be, that the borrower has or may have ceased to be a qualifying borrower.

(7)Section 369 shall not apply to any payment of relevant loan interest of a description to which a notice under subsection (6) above relates and which becomes due or is made after such date as may be specified in the notice and before such date as may be specified in a further notice given by the Board to the lender and the borrower.

(8)In any case where—

(a)section 369 applies to any relevant loan interest by virtue of a notice under section 374(1)(b), and

(b)the relevant date specified in the notice is earlier than the date from which the interest begins to be paid under deduction of tax, and

(c)a payment of that interest was made on or after the relevant date but not under deduction of tax,

regulations may provide for a sum to be paid by the Board of an amount equal to that which the borrower would have been able to deduct from that payment by virtue of section 369 if it had been made after the relevant date.

(9)No obligation as to secrecy imposed by statute or otherwise on persons employed in relation to Inland Revenue shall prevent information relating to any loan in respect of which an option notice has been given as mentioned in section 370(3)(a) from being disclosed to the Secretary of State or the Department of the Environment for Northern Ireland, or to an officer of either of them authorised to receive such information, in connection with the exercise by the Secretary of State or that Department of any of his or its functions in relation to any such loan.

(10)Subsection (9) above extends only to disclosure by or under the authority of the Inland Revenue; and information which is disclosed to any person by virtue of that subsection shall not be further disclosed to any other person unless—

(a)it could have been disclosed to that other person in accordance with that subsection; or

(b)the disclosure is made for the purposes of any civil or criminal proceedings concerned with the loan to which the disclosure relates.

376Qualifying borrowers and qualifying lenders

(1)Subject to subsection (2) below, an individual is a qualifying borrower with respect to the interest on any loan.

(2)In relation to interest paid at a time when the borrower or the borrower’s husband or wife holds an office or employment in respect of the emoluments of which he or she would but for some special exemption or immunity from tax be chargeable to tax under Case I, II or III of Schedule E, the borrower is not a qualifying borrower.

(3)In subsection (2) above references to the borrower’s husband or wife do not include references to a separated husband or wife, and for this purpose “separated” has the meaning given by section 367(1).

(4)The following bodies are qualifying lenders:—

(a)a building society;

(b)a local authority;

(c)the Bank of England;

(d)the Post Office;

(e)a company which is authorised under section 3 or 4 of the [1982 c. 50.] Insurance Companies Act 1982 to carry on in the United Kingdom any of the classes of business specified in Schedule 1 to that Act;

(f)any company to which property and rights belonging to a trustee savings bank were transferred by section 3 of the [1985 c. 50.] Trustee Savings Bank Act 1985;

(g)a registered friendly society or branch, within the meaning of the [1974 c. 46.] Friendly Societies Act 1974 or the [1970 c. 31 (N.I.).] Friendly Societies Act (Northern Ireland) 1970;

(h)a development [1968 c. 16.] corporation within the meaning of the [1981 c. 64.] New Towns Act 1981 or the New Towns (Scotland) Act 1968;

(j)the Commission for the New Towns;

(k)the Housing Corporation;

(l)the Northern Ireland Housing Executive;

(m)the Scottish Special Housing Association;

(n)the Development Board for Rural Wales;

(o)the Church of England Pensions Board;

(p)any of the following which is prescribed under subsection (5) below, namely, an institution authorised under the [1987 c. 22.] Banking Act 1987, a company which is authorised as mentioned in paragraph (e) above to carry on in the United Kingdom any of the classes of business specified in Schedule 2 to the Insurance Companies Act 1982, and a 90 per cent. subsidiary of any such institution or company or of a company within paragraph (e) above and any other body whose activities and objects appear to the Treasury to qualify it for inclusion in this paragraph.

(5)The Treasury may by order prescribe for the purposes of subsection (4) above generally or in relation to any specified description of loan any of the bodies referred to in paragraph (p) of subsection (4) above; and a body which is prescribed by such an order shall become a qualifying lender generally or, as the case may be, in relation to such description of loan as is specified in the order with effect from such date as may be so specified.

(6)Without prejudice to subsection (4) above, in relation to interest to which section 370(3) applies, the person who, as a qualifying lender for the purposes of Part II of the [1967 c. 29.] Housing Subsidies Act 1967 or Part VIII of the [S.I. 1981/156 (N.I.3).] Housing (Northern Ireland) Order 1981, was the lender in relation to the loan referred to in section 370(3) shall also be a qualifying lender.

377Variation of terms of repayment of certain loans

(1)If relevant loan interest payable by a qualifying borrower—

(a)is payable under a loan agreement requiring combined payments, and

(b)is payable to a qualifying lender who, in accordance with subsection (5) below, is specified for the purposes of this section, and

(c)is interest on a loan made before 1st April 1983, or if it is interest in respect of which the Board notified an earlier date to the lender under paragraph 2(5) of Schedule 7 to the [1982 c. 39.] Finance Act 1982, before that earlier date,

then, subject to subsection (2) below, the terms of repayment are by virtue of this section varied in accordance with subsection (3) below.

(2)Subsection (1) above does not apply to any combined payments unless—

(a)the qualifying lender concerned has, in accordance with regulations, given notice to the qualifying borrower that this section is to apply to combined payments which the borrower is required to make under the loan agreement; and

(b)the qualifying borrower has not, in accordance with regulations, given notice to the qualifying lender that he wishes to continue with combined payments which, allowing for any sums he is entitled to deduct by virtue of section 369, do not exceed the combined payments which he would have been required to make but for the provisions of that section.

(3)Where subsection (1) applies, the amount of any combined payment payable by the qualifying borrower concerned which includes a payment of relevant loan interest shall be determined by the lender so as to secure, so far as practicable—

(a)that the principal and interest are repaid over the period which is for the time being agreed between the lender and the borrower; and

(b)that, unless there is a change in that period or in the basic rate of income tax or in the rate of interest charged by the lender, the amount of each net payment due from the borrower to the lender will be of the same amount;

and for the purposes of paragraph (b) above “net payment” means a payment which, so far as it is a payment of interest, consists of interest from which the sum provided for by section 369(1) has been deducted.

(4)Where the qualifying borrower gives a notice under subsection (2)(b) above, the amount of any combined payment payable by him which includes a payment of relevant loan interest and the period over which the principal and interest on the loan are to be repaid shall be determined by the lender so as to secure, so far as practicable, that, unless there is a change in the basic rate of income tax or in the rate of interest charged by the lender—

(a)the amount of each net payment as defined in subsection (3) above which is due from the borrower to the lender will be of the same amount; and

(b)the amount of each such payment does not exceed what, apart from section 369, would have been the amount of the combined payment payable by the borrower on the effective date of the notice under subsection (2)(a) above, less tax at the basic rate for the year of assessment in which that effective date falls on so much of that combined payment as would have consisted of interest.

(5)Nothing in this section or in the loan agreement shall prevent the borrower from making, at such time or times as he chooses, additional repayments of capital of any amount so as to secure that the principal and interest on the loan are repaid within a period which is not shorter than that referred to in subsection (3)(a) above.

(6)For the purposes of subsection (4)(b) above the effective date of a notice under subsection (2)(a) above is the date which, in accordance with regulations, is the due date for the first combined payment which, in consequence of that notice and the notice under subsection (2)(b) above, is a net payment for the purposes of subsection (3)(b) above.

(7)The repeal by this Act of section 28 of the [1982 c. 39.] Finance Act 1982 shall not affect the variation of any agreement in pursuance of that section before 26th July 1984 and accordingly, where the borrower gave a notice under subsection (2)(b) of that section, the maximum amount of any combined payment payable under the agreement as so varied which includes a payment of relevant loan interest shall continue to be the amount which would, apart from section 369, have been the first combined payment payable by the borrower after the date referred to in subsection (1)(c) above less tax at the basic rate for the year 1983-84 on so much of that combined payment as would have consisted of interest (subject to any change in the basic rate of income tax or in the rate of interest charged by the lender); and subsection (5) above shall apply in relation to any agreement as so varied.

(8)A building society is by virtue of this subsection specified for the purposes of this section; and the Treasury may by order specify any other qualifying lender or class of qualifying lender for the purposes of this section.

(9)The giving of a notice under subsection (2)(a) or (b) above does not affect the right of the qualifying lender and the qualifying borrower to vary, by agreement, the terms on which interest or capital or both is to be repaid.

(10)In this section—

• “loan agreement” means an agreement governing the terms of payment of interest and repayment of capital of a loan the interest on which is relevant loan interest; and

• “combined payment” means one of a number of regular payments which are attributable in part to repayment of capital and in part to payment of interest.

378Supplementary regulations

(1)The Treasury may by regulations make provision for the application of sections 369 to 377 in relation to—

(a)a housing association which is for the time being approved for the purposes of section 488 and which borrows or has borrowed from a qualifying lender on the security of a freehold or leasehold estate of that association on land in the United Kingdom; and

(b)a self-build society which is for the time being approved for the purposes of section 489 and which borrows or has borrowed from a qualifying lender on the security of a freehold or leasehold estate of that society on land in the United Kingdom.

(2)Regulations under subsection (1) above—

(a)may contain such modifications of the provisions of sections 369 to 377, and

(b)may make the application of any of those provisions subject to such special conditions,

as appear to the Treasury to be appropriate.

(3)The Board may by regulations make provision—

(a)for the purposes of any provision of sections 369 to 377 which relates to any matter or thing to be specified by or done in accordance with regulations;

(b)for the application of those sections in relation to loan interest paid by personal representatives and trustees;

(c)with respect to the furnishing of information by borrowers or lenders, including, in the case of lenders, the inspection of books, documents and other records on behalf of the Board;

(d)for, and with respect to, appeals to the General Commissioners or the Special Commissioners against the refusal of the Board to issue a notice under section 374(1)(b) or the issue of a notice under section 375(6) or (7); and

(e)generally for giving effect to sections 369 to 377.

(4)In this section—

(a)references to a self-build society are references to a self-build society within the meaning of Part I of the [1985 c. 69.] Housing [S.I. 1981/156 (N.I.3).] Associations Act 1985 or, in Northern Ireland, Part VII of the Housing (Northern Ireland) Order 1981; and

(b)in its application to Scotland —

(i)“a freehold or leasehold estate” means any interest in land, and

(ii)any reference to a loan on the security of such an estate is a reference to a loan upon a heritable security within the meaning of section 9(8)(a) of the [1970 c. 35.] Conveyancing and Feudal Reform (Scotland) Act 1970.

379Interpretation of sections 369 to 378

In sections 369 to 378—

• “prescribed”, except in section 376(4) and (5), means prescribed by the Board;

• “qualifying borrower” has the meaning given by section 376(1) to (3);

• “qualifying lender” has the meaning given by section 376(4) to (6);

• “regulations”, except in sections 378(1) and (2), means regulations made by the Board under section 378;

• “relevant loan interest” has the meaning given by section 370(1).