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Employment Rights Act 1996
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Changes over time for: Section 230
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Changes to legislation:
Employment Rights Act 1996, Section 230 is up to date with all changes known to be in force on or before 19 April 2024. There are changes that may be brought into force at a future date. Changes that have been made appear in the content and are referenced with annotations.
Changes to Legislation
Revised legislation carried on this site may not be fully up to date. Changes and effects are recorded by our editorial team in lists which can be found in the ‘Changes to Legislation’ area. Where those effects have yet to be applied to the text of the legislation by the editorial team they are also listed alongside the legislation in the affected provisions. Use the ‘more’ link to open the changes and effects relevant to the provision you are viewing.
Changes and effects yet to be applied to Section 230:
- s. 230(6) words substituted by 2017 c. 16 s. 32(5)
Changes and effects yet to be applied to the whole Act associated Parts and Chapters:
Whole provisions yet to be inserted into this Act (including any effects on those provisions):
- Pt. 8 Ch. 5 inserted by 2023 c. 20 Sch. para. 2
- Pt. 8A Ch. 1 heading inserted by 2023 c. 46 s. 1(3)
- Pt. 8A Ch. 2 inserted by 2023 c. 46 s. 1(4)
- Pt. 8A Ch. 3 inserted by 2023 c. 46 s. 2
- Pt. 8A Ch. 4 inserted by 2023 c. 46 s. 3(2)
- s. 43K(1)(ca) and word omitted by 2013 c. 24 s. 20(5) (This amendment not applied to legislation.gov.uk. The insertion of s. 43K(1)(ba) by S.I. 2006/1056, Sch. para. 7 is to come into force on the day on which 2005 asp 13, s. 20 comes into force and that provision has never been brought into force)
- s. 43K(2)(ba) omitted by 2013 c. 24 s. 20(6) (This amendment not applied to legislation.gov.uk. The insertion of s. 43K(1)(ba) by S.I. 2006/1056, Sch. para. 7 is to come into force on the day on which 2005 asp 13, s. 20 comes into force and that provision has never been brought into force)
- s. 47C(2)(cc) inserted by 2023 c. 20 Sch. para. 22
- s. 47H inserted by 2020 c. 7 Sch. 7 para. 9
- s. 47AA inserted by 2008 c. 25 s. 37
- s. 47EA inserted by 2023 c. 46 Sch. para. 4
- s. 47EB inserted by 2023 c. 46 Sch. para. 5
- s. 48(1C) inserted by 2020 c. 7 Sch. 7 para. 10(a)
- s. 48(1C) inserted by 2023 c. 46 Sch. para. 6(2)
- s. 48(1D) inserted by 2023 c. 46 Sch. para. 6(3)
- s. 49(8) inserted by 2020 c. 7 Sch. 7 para. 11(b)
- s. 49(8) inserted by 2023 c. 46 Sch. para. 7(4)
- s. 49C inserted by 2017 c. 16 s. 32(4)
- s. 75I(3)(g) and word inserted by 2023 c. 20 Sch. para. 23(b)
- s. 80C(2)(bc) inserted by 2023 c. 20 Sch. para. 24(2)
- s. 80C(4)(bc) inserted by 2023 c. 20 Sch. para. 24(3)
- s. 80EB(2)(f) and word inserted by 2023 c. 20 Sch. para. 25(b)
- s. 99(3)(cc) inserted by 2023 c. 20 Sch. para. 28
- s. 101B inserted by 2008 c. 25 s. 38
- s. 104H inserted by 2020 c. 7 Sch. 7 para. 14
- s. 104CA inserted by 2023 c. 46 Sch. para. 9
- s. 105(4B) inserted by 2008 c. 25 s. 39(3)
- s. 105(7BC) inserted by 2020 c. 7 Sch. 7 para. 15
- s. 105(7BAA) inserted by 2023 c. 46 Sch. para. 10
- s. 108(3)(gia) inserted by 2023 c. 46 Sch. para. 11
- s. 108(3)(de) inserted by 2008 c. 25 s. 39(4)
- s. 108(3)(gn) inserted by 2020 c. 7 Sch. 7 para. 16
- s. 110(3A) inserted by 2002 c. 22 s. 44
- s. 163(6) inserted by 2022 c. 35 Sch. 5 para. 27
- s. 205A(2)(ba) inserted by 2023 c. 46 Sch. para. 16(2)
- s. 205A(8A) inserted by 2023 c. 46 Sch. para. 16(3)
- s. 225(7)(8) inserted by 2023 c. 46 Sch. para. 17
- s. 227(1)(zb)(zc) inserted by 2023 c. 46 Sch. para. 18
230 Employees, workers etc.E+W+S
(1)In this Act “employee” means an individual who has entered into or works under (or, where the employment has ceased, worked under) a contract of employment.
(2)In this Act “contract of employment” means a contract of service or apprenticeship, whether express or implied, and (if it is express) whether oral or in writing.
(3)In this Act “worker” (except in the phrases “shop worker” and “betting worker”) means an individual who has entered into or works under (or, where the employment has ceased, worked under)—
(a)a contract of employment, or
(b)any other contract, whether express or implied and (if it is express) whether oral or in writing, whereby the individual undertakes to do or perform personally any work or services for another party to the contract whose status is not by virtue of the contract that of a client or customer of any profession or business undertaking carried on by the individual;
and any reference to a worker’s contract shall be construed accordingly.
(4)In this Act “employer”, in relation to an employee or a worker, means the person by whom the employee or worker is (or, where the employment has ceased, was) employed.
(5)In this Act “employment”—
(a)in relation to an employee, means (except for the purposes of section 171) employment under a contract of employment, and
(b)in relation to a worker, means employment under his contract;
and “employed” shall be construed accordingly.
[F1(6) This section has effect subject to sections 43K [F2, 47B(3) and 49B(10)]; and for the purposes of Part XIII so far as relating to Part IVA or section 47B, “ worker ”, “ worker’s contract ” and, in relation to a worker, “ employer ”, “ employment ” and “ employed ” have the extended meaning given by section 43K. ]
[F3(7)This section has effect subject to section 75K(3) and (5).]
Textual Amendments
F1S. 230(6) inserted (2.7.1999) by 1998 c. 23, s. 15(1); S.I. 1999/1547, art. 2
F2Words in s. 230(6) substituted (26.5.2015) by Small Business, Enterprise and Employment Act 2015 (c. 26), ss. 149(3), 164(1); S.I. 2015/1329, reg. 2(e)
F3S. 230(7) inserted (30.6.2014) by Children and Families Act 2014 (c. 6), s. 139(6), Sch. 7 para. 41; S.I. 2014/1640, art. 3(2)(j)
Modifications etc. (not altering text)
C1S. 230(3)(b) applied (1.11.1998) by 1998 c. 39, s. 24(5); S.I. 1998/2574, art. 2(1), Sch. 1
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