Transport Act 2000

Part IU.K. Air traffic

Chapter IU.K. Air traffic services

General dutiesU.K.

1 Secretary of State’s general duty.U.K.

(1)The Secretary of State must exercise his functions under this Chapter so as to maintain a high standard of safety in the provision of air traffic services; and that duty is to have priority over the application of subsections (2) to (5).

(2)The Secretary of State must exercise his functions under this Chapter in the manner he thinks best calculated—

(a)to further the interests of operators and owners of aircraft, owners and managers of aerodromes, persons travelling in aircraft and persons with rights in property carried in them;

(b)to promote efficiency and economy on the part of licence holders;

(c)to secure that licence holders will not find it unduly difficult to finance activities authorised by their licences.

(3)The only interests to be considered under subsection (2)(a) are interests regarding the range, availability, continuity, cost and quality of air traffic services.

(4)The reference in subsection (2)(a) to furthering interests includes a reference to furthering them (where the Secretary of State thinks it appropriate) by promoting competition in the provision of air traffic services.

(5)If in a particular case there is a conflict in the application of the provisions of subsections (2) to (4), in relation to that case the Secretary of State must apply them in the manner he thinks is reasonable having regard to them as a whole.

(6)The Secretary of State must exercise his functions under this Chapter so as to impose on licence holders the minimum restrictions which are consistent with the exercise of those functions.

(7)This section does not apply to the exercise of the Secretary of State’s functions under section 38.

2 CAA’s general duty.U.K.

(1)The CAA must exercise its functions under this Chapter so as to maintain a high standard of safety in the provision of air traffic services; and that duty is to have priority over the application of subsections (2) to (5).

(2)The CAA must exercise its functions under this Chapter in the manner it thinks best calculated—

(a)to further the interests of operators and owners of aircraft, owners and managers of aerodromes, persons travelling in aircraft and persons with rights in property carried in them;

(b)to promote efficiency and economy on the part of licence holders;

(c)to secure that licence holders will not find it unduly difficult to finance activities authorised by their licences;

(d)to take account of any international obligations of the United Kingdom notified to the CAA by the Secretary of State (whatever the time or purpose of the notification);

(e)to take account of any guidance on environmental objectives given to the CAA by the Secretary of State after the coming into force of this section.

(3)The only interests to be considered under subsection (2)(a) are interests regarding the range, availability, continuity, cost and quality of air traffic services.

(4)The reference in subsection (2)(a) to furthering interests includes a reference to furthering them (where the CAA thinks it appropriate) by promoting competition in the provision of air traffic services.

(5)If in a particular case there is a conflict in the application of the provisions of subsections (2) to (4), in relation to that case the CAA must apply them in the manner it thinks is reasonable having regard to them as a whole.

(6)The CAA must exercise its functions under this Chapter so as to impose on licence holders the minimum restrictions which are consistent with the exercise of those functions.

(7)Section 4 of the M1Civil Aviation Act 1982 (CAA’s general objectives) does not apply in relation to the performance by the CAA of its functions under this Chapter.

RestrictionsU.K.

3 Restrictions on providing services.U.K.

(1)A person commits an offence if he provides air traffic services in respect of a managed area.

(2)But subsection (1) is subject to subsections (3) to (5).

(3)Subsection (1) does not apply if the person—

(a)is authorised by an exemption to provide the services, or

(b)acts as an employee or agent of a person who is authorised by an exemption to provide the services.

(4)Subsection (1) does not apply if the person—

(a)holds a licence authorising him to provide the services, or

(b)acts as an employee or agent of a person who is authorised by a licence to provide the services.

(5)Subsection (1) does not apply if the services are provided by the CAA in pursuance of directions under section 66(1).

(6)For the purposes of this section—

(a)air traffic services are to be treated as provided at the place from which they are provided;

(b)air traffic services may be provided in respect of a managed area whether or not the aircraft concerned is in that area when they are provided.

(7)A person who commits an offence under this section is liable—

(a)on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum;

(b)on conviction on indictment, to a fine.

(8)No proceedings may be started in England and Wales or Northern Ireland for an offence under this section except by or on behalf of—

(a)the Secretary of State, or

(b)the CAA acting with his consent.

4 Exemptions.U.K.

(1)The Secretary of State may by order grant an exemption authorising the provision of air traffic services in respect of a managed area.

(2)An exemption—

(a)may be granted to a particular person or to persons of a specified description or to all persons;

(b)may be granted in respect of air traffic services of one or more specified descriptions;

(c)may be granted in respect of air traffic services provided in specified circumstances;

(d)may be granted in respect of one or more specified areas (any of which may consist of all or part of a managed area);

(e)may be granted subject to such conditions as may be specified.

(3)An exemption granted to persons of a specified description must be published in such manner as the Secretary of State thinks appropriate for bringing it to the attention of persons of that description.

(4)An exemption continues in force for the period specified in or determined by or under it, unless it previously ceases to have effect in accordance with its provisions.

5 Licences: general.U.K.

(1)A licence may be granted to a company authorising it to provide air traffic services in respect of a managed area.

(2)A licence—

(a)may be granted in respect of air traffic services of one or more specified descriptions;

(b)may be granted in respect of one or more specified areas (any of which may consist of all or part of a managed area).

(3)A licence is not valid unless it is in writing.

(4)A licence is not valid unless it is granted to [F1a company F2... that is limited by shares.]

(5)A licence continues in force for the period specified in it or determined by or under it, unless it previously ceases to have effect in accordance with its provisions.

(6)A licence may not be transferred.

6 Licences: grant.U.K.

(1)A licence may be granted by—

(a)the Secretary of State after consulting the CAA,

(b)the CAA with the consent of the Secretary of State, or

(c)the CAA in accordance with a general authority given by the Secretary of State.

(2)A general authority may be given on condition that the CAA complies with specified requirements (whether as to consulting the Secretary of State or obtaining his consent before granting a licence, as to the provisions to be included in a licence, or otherwise).

(3)An application for a licence—

(a)must be made in the prescribed manner;

(b)must contain or be accompanied by prescribed information;

(c)must be accompanied by the application fee (if any);

(d)must, if the licence authority requires, be published by the applicant in the prescribed manner and within a period notified to it by the licence authority.

(4)On an application the licence authority may grant or refuse the licence.

(5)Before granting or refusing a licence the licence authority must—

(a)publish a notice in such manner as the authority thinks appropriate for bringing it to the attention of persons likely to be affected by the grant or refusal,

(b)serve a copy of the notice on the applicant, and

(c)consider any representations made in accordance with the notice (and not withdrawn).

(6)The notice must—

(a)state either that the licence authority proposes to grant the licence or that it proposes to refuse it and (in either case) the reasons for so proposing, and

(b)state the period (not less than 28 days starting with the date of publication of the notice) within which representations may be made regarding the proposed grant or refusal.

(7)As soon as practicable after granting a licence the grantor must send a copy—

(a)to the CAA, if the grantor is the Secretary of State;

(b)to the Secretary of State, if the grantor is the CAA.

(8)The following requirements do not apply in relation to licences which need to be granted before the coming into force of section 3—

(a)the requirement to consult imposed by subsection (1)(a);

(b)the requirements imposed by subsection (3);

(c)the requirements imposed by subsections (5) and (6).

(9)The licence authority is the Secretary of State or the CAA (depending on the person to whom it falls to grant the licence).

(10)The application fee is—

(a)the prescribed fee, if the licence authority is the Secretary of State;

(b)the charge determined under a scheme or regulations made under section 11 of the M2Civil Aviation Act 1982, if the licence authority is the CAA.

(11)“Prescribed” means prescribed by regulations made by the Secretary of State.

7 Licences: provisions.U.K.

(1)A licence may include such provisions as the licence authority thinks are necessary or expedient; and a provision need not relate to services authorised by the licence.

(2)In particular, provision of the following kinds may be included—

(a)provision requiring the licence holder to enter into an agreement for a purpose specified in the licence and provision for determining the terms of the agreement;

(b)provision requiring the licence holder to comply with any requirements imposed at any time (by directions or otherwise) by a person with respect to any matter specified, or of a description specified, in the licence;

(c)provision requiring the licence holder, except in so far as a person consents to its doing or not doing them, not to do or to do such things as may be specified, or of a description specified, in the licence;

(d)provision requiring the licence holder to refer to a person for approval or determination such matters as may be specified, or of a description specified, in the licence.

(3)A reference in subsection (2) to a person is to—

(a)a person specified, or of a description specified, in the licence for the purpose concerned, or

(b)if the licence so provides, a person nominated for the purpose concerned by a person falling within paragraph (a);

and any of those persons may be the licence authority or some other person.

(4)A licence may include provisions requiring a payment on its grant or payments during its currency (or both)—

(a)of an amount or amounts specified in the licence or determined by or under it;

(b)to a person or persons specified in the licence or determined by or under it.

F3(5). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(6)Such provisions as the licence authority thinks fit may be expressed as conditions.

[F4(6A)A licence condition may include provision for its modification only if it specifies or describes—

(a)the circumstances in which it may be modified,

(b)the types of modification that may be made, and

(c)the period or periods in which it may be modified.

(6B)If a licence condition includes such a provision, it may be modified in accordance with that provision or in accordance with the provision made by this Chapter about modifying licence conditions.

(6C)A term of a licence may be modified only in accordance with the provision made by this Chapter about modifying terms of a licence.]

(7)The licence authority is the Secretary of State or the CAA (depending on the person to whom it falls to grant the licence).

8 Duties of licence holders.U.K.

(1)While a licence is in force its holder—

(a)must secure that a safe system for the provision of authorised air traffic services in respect of a licensed area is provided, developed and maintained;

(b)must take all reasonable steps to secure that the system is also efficient and co-ordinated;

(c)must take all reasonable steps to secure that the demand for authorised air traffic services in respect of a licensed area is met;

(d)must have regard, in providing, developing and maintaining the system, to the demands which are likely to be placed on it in the future.

(2)A licensed area is an area in respect of which the licence authorises its holder to provide air traffic services.

(3)Authorised services are services of the description specified in the licence as the description of services which the holder of the licence is authorised to provide.

(4)For the purposes of subsection (1)(a) a system for the provision of services is safe if (and only if) in providing the services the person who provides them complies with such requirements as are imposed by Air Navigation Orders with regard to their provision.

(5)An Air Navigation Order is an Order in Council under section 60 of the M3Civil Aviation Act 1982.

9 Power to exclude services from effect of section 8.U.K.

(1)If a notice given by the CAA to a licence holder so provides, such air traffic services as are specified in the notice are to be treated as not being authorised services for the purposes of section 8 in its application to that holder.

(2)A notice under subsection (1) may specify the air traffic services by reference to part of a licensed area.

(3)A notice under this section may be modified or revoked by a further notice given by the CAA to the holder concerned.

10 Breach of duties or conditions.U.K.

(1)No action is to lie in respect of a failure by a licence holder to perform—

(a)a duty imposed by section 8;

(b)a [F5licence condition].

(2)But subsection (1) does not affect—

(a)a right of action in respect of an act or omission which takes place in the course of the provision of air traffic services;

[F6(b)the power to give a contravention notice;

(c)the power to give an enforcement order or an urgent enforcement order, a duty to comply with the order and a power to bring proceedings in respect of the duty;

(d)the power to impose a penalty under paragraph 9 or 10 of Schedule B1.]

Modification of licencesU.K.

[F711 Modification of a licenceU.K.

(1)The CAA may modify a licence by modifying the licence conditions.

(2)Subsection (1) is subject to section 11B.

(3)The Secretary of State may modify a licence—

(a)by modifying any term specifying the period for which the licence continues in force or any term by or under which that period is determined;

(b)by modifying a prescribed term.

(4)In this section “prescribed” means prescribed by regulations made by the Secretary of State.

11AModification of licence: procedureU.K.

(1)Before modifying a licence in reliance on section 11, the modifying authority must—

(a)publish a notice in relation to the proposed modification;

(b)send a copy of the notice to the persons listed in subsection (2);

(c)consider any representations about the proposed modification that are made in the period specified in the notice (and not withdrawn).

(2)The persons are—

(a)the licence holder;

(b)any owners or operators of aircraft, or any bodies representing them, that the modifying authority considers appropriate;

(c)any owners or managers of aerodromes, or any bodies representing them, that the modifying authority considers appropriate;

(d)any bodies representing users of air transport services that the modifying authority considers appropriate;

(e)where the modifying authority is the CAA, the Secretary of State;

(f)where the modifying authority is the Secretary of State, the CAA.

(3)The notice under subsection (1) must—

(a)state that the modifying authority proposes to modify the licence;

(b)specify the proposed modification;

(c)give the modifying authority's reasons for the proposed modification;

(d)state the effect of the proposed modification;

(e)specify a reasonable period for making representations.

(4)If, after publishing the notice under subsection (1), the modifying authority decides not to make the modification in reliance on section 11, the modifying authority must—

(a)publish a notice, giving its reasons;

(b)send a copy of the notice to the persons listed in subsection (2).

(5)If, after complying with subsections (1) to (3) in relation to a modification, the modifying authority decides to modify a licence in reliance on section 11, the modifying authority must—

(a)publish a notice in relation to the modification;

(b)send a copy of the notice to the persons listed in subsection (2).

(6)The modifying authority is not to be treated as having complied with subsections (1) to (3) in relation to a modification of a licence if the modification differs significantly from the modification proposed in the notice under subsection (1).

(7)The notice under subsection (5) must—

(a)specify the modification;

(b)specify the date from which the modification is to have effect (subject to paragraphs 6 to 8 of Schedule A1);

(c)give the modifying authority's reasons for the modification;

(d)state the effect of the modification;

(e)state how it has taken account of any representations made in the period specified in the notice under subsection (1);

(f)state the reasons for any differences between the modification and that set out in the notice under subsection (1).

(8)The date specified under subsection (7)(b)—

(a)in the case of a modification of a licence condition, must fall after the end of the period of 6 weeks beginning with the day on which the notice under subsection (5) was published (subject to paragraphs 6 to 8 of Schedule A1);

(b)otherwise, must fall after the end of the period of 28 days beginning with that day.

(9)In this section “modifying authority”—

(a)in relation to a modification of a licence condition, means the CAA;

(b)in relation to any other modification, means the Secretary of State.

11BRestrictions on power to modify licence conditionsU.K.

(1)The CAA must not make a proposed modification if, within the period specified under section 11A(3)(e), the Secretary of State directs it not to do so.

(2)The CAA must—

(a)publish a direction given to it under subsection (1);

(b)send a copy of the direction to the persons listed in subsection (3).

(3)The persons are—

(a)the licence holder;

(b)any owners or operators of aircraft, or any bodies representing them, that the CAA considers appropriate;

(c)any owners or managers of aerodromes, or any bodies representing them, that the CAA considers appropriate;

(d)any bodies representing users of air transport services that the CAA considers appropriate.]

F812 References to Competition and Markets Authority.U.K.

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F812A References under section 12: time limitsU.K.

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F812B References under section 12: application of Enterprise Act 2002U.K.

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F813 Reports on references.U.K.

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F814 Modification following report.U.K.

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F815 CMA's power to give direction.U.K.

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F816 Position where CMA gives direction.U.K.

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F817 CMA's duty as to modifications under section 16.U.K.

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F818 Sections 15 and 16: general.U.K.

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19 Modification by order under other enactments.U.K.

[F9(1)Where the [F10CMA] or (as the case may be) the Secretary of State (in this section “the relevant authority”) makes a relevant order, the order may also provide for the modification of the [F11licence conditions] to such extent as may appear to the relevant authority to be requisite or expedient for the purpose of giving effect to, or taking account of, any provision made by the order.

(2)In subsection (1) above “relevant order” means—

(a)an order under section 75, 83 or 84 of, or paragraph 5, 10 or 11 of Schedule 7 to, the 2002 Act where—

(i)one or more than one of the enterprises which have, or may have, ceased to be distinct enterprises was engaged in the provision of air traffic services; or

(ii)one or more than one of the enterprises which will or may cease to be distinct enterprises is engaged in the provision of air traffic services; or

(b)an order under section 160 or 161 of that Act where the feature, or combination of features, of the market [F12or markets] in the United Kingdom for goods or services which prevents, restricts or distorts competition relates to the provision of air traffic services.]

(5)As soon as practicable after making modifications under this section the [F13relevant authority] must send a copy of them to the licence holder and a copy to the CAA.

[F14(6)Expressions used in subsection (2) above and in Part 3 or (as the case may be) Part 4 of the 2002 Act have the same meanings in that subsection as in that Part.]

(7)The [F152002 Act is the Enterprise Act 2002].

[F16Appeal against modification of licence conditionsU.K.

19AAppeal to Competition and Markets AuthorityU.K.

(1)An appeal lies to the CMA against a decision by the CAA to modify a licence condition under section 11(1).

(2)An appeal may be brought under this section only by—

(a)the licence holder,

(b)an owner or operator of an aircraft whose interests are materially affected by the decision, or

(c)an owner or manager of a prescribed aerodrome whose interests are materially affected by the decision.

(3)“Prescribed aerodrome” means an aerodrome of a description prescribed by regulations made by the Secretary of State.

(4)An appeal may be brought under this section only with the permission of the CMA.

(5)An application for permission to appeal under this section may be made only by a person who, if permission is granted, will be entitled to bring the appeal.

(6)The CMA may refuse permission to appeal under this section only on one of the following grounds—

(a)that the appeal is brought for reasons that are trivial or vexatious;

(b)that the appeal does not have a reasonable prospect of success;

(c)that subsection (7) is satisfied.

(7)This subsection is satisfied if the appeal is brought—

(a)against a decision that relates entirely to a matter remitted to the CAA following an earlier appeal under this section, and

(b)on grounds that were considered, or could have been raised by the current applicant or a relevant connected person, as part of the earlier appeal.

(8)In subsection (7) “relevant connected person”, in relation to an applicant, means a person who was connected to the applicant at any time during the consideration of the earlier appeal by the CMA.

19BWhen appeals may be allowedU.K.

The CMA may allow an appeal under section 19A only to the extent that it is satisfied that the decision appealed against was wrong on one or more of the following grounds—

(a)that the decision was based on an error of fact;

(b)that the decision was wrong in law;

(c)that an error was made in the exercise of a discretion.

19CDetermination of appealU.K.

(1)Where it does not allow an appeal under section 19A, the CMA must confirm the decision appealed against.

(2)Where it allows an appeal under section 19A, the CMA must do one or more of the following—

(a)quash the decision appealed against;

(b)remit the matter that is the subject of the decision appealed against to the CAA for reconsideration and decision in accordance with this Chapter and any directions given by the CMA;

(c)substitute its own decision for that of the CAA.

(3)Where it allows only part of an appeal under section 19A—

(a)subsection (2) applies in relation to the part of the decision appealed against in respect of which the appeal is allowed, and

(b)subsection (1) applies in respect of the rest of that decision.

(4)Where the CMA substitutes its own decision for that of the CAA, the CMA may give directions to—

(a)the CAA, and

(b)the licence holder.

(5)The CMA must not give a direction under this section that requires a person to do anything that the person would not have the power to do apart from the direction.

(6)A direction given by the CMA under this section to a person other than the CAA is enforceable—

(a)in England and Wales and Northern Ireland, as if it were an order of the High Court;

(b)in Scotland, as if it were an order of the Court of Session.

19DDetermination of appeal: time limitsU.K.

(1)The CMA must determine an appeal under section 19A within the period of 24 weeks beginning with the day on which the CAA published, in accordance with section 11A, the notice of the decision that is the subject of the appeal.

This is subject to subsections (2) to (5).

(2)The CMA may extend the appeal period by not more than 12 weeks if satisfied that there are good reasons for doing so.

(3)The CMA may extend the appeal period only once in reliance on subsection (2).

(4)The CMA may extend the appeal period by any period that it considers appropriate if—

(a)there is an appeal to the Competition Appeal Tribunal under this Chapter which the CMA considers may be relevant to the appeal under section 19A, and

(b)the appeal to the Tribunal has not been determined or withdrawn.

(5)The CMA may extend the appeal period more than once in reliance on subsection (4).

(6)If the CMA extends the appeal period it must—

(a)publish a notice stating the new time limit for determining the appeal;

(b)send a copy of the notice to the persons listed in subsection (7).

(7)Those persons are—

(a)the holder of the licence that is the subject of the appeal;

(b)if the appeal was brought by someone other than the licence holder, the appellant;

(c)any other person with a qualifying interest in the decision that is the subject of the appeal (see paragraph 27(3) of Schedule A1);

(d)any owners or operators of aircraft that the CMA considers appropriate;

(e)any owners or managers of prescribed aerodromes (within the meaning given in section 19A(3)) that the CMA considers appropriate;

(f)the CAA.

(8)The Secretary of State may by regulations modify the periods of time specified in this section.

(9)In this section “appeal period”, in relation to an appeal under section 19A, means the period allowed for determining the appeal.

19EDetermination of appeal: publication etcU.K.

(1)A determination made by the CMA on an appeal under section 19A—

(a)must be contained in an order made by the CMA, and

(b)takes effect at the time specified in the order or determined in accordance with the order.

(2)The order must set out the reasons for the determination.

(3)The CMA must—

(a)publish the order as soon as practicable after the determination is made;

(b)send a copy of the order to the persons listed in subsection (4).

(4)Those persons are—

(a)the holder of the licence that is the subject of the appeal;

(b)if the appeal is brought by a person other than the licence holder, the appellant;

(c)any other person with a qualifying interest in the decision that is the subject of the appeal (see paragraph 27(3) of Schedule A1);

(d)any owners or operators of aircraft that the CMA considers appropriate;

(e)any owners or managers of prescribed aerodromes (within the meaning given in section 19A(3)) that the CMA considers appropriate;

(f)the CAA.

(5)The CMA may exclude from publication under subsection (3) any information that it is satisfied is—

(a)commercial information the disclosure of which would or might, in the opinion of the CMA, significantly harm the legitimate business interests of an undertaking to which it relates, or

(b)information relating to the private affairs of an individual the disclosure of which would or might, in the opinion of the CMA, significantly harm the individual's interests.

(6)The CAA must take any steps that it considers necessary for it to comply with the order.

(7)The steps must be taken—

(a)if a time is specified in the order or is to be determined in accordance with the order, within that time;

(b)otherwise, within a reasonable time.

19FProcedure on appealsU.K.

(1)Schedule A1 makes further provision in respect of appeals under section 19A.

(2)In carrying out the functions listed in subsection (3), the CMA must have regard to the matters in respect of which duties are imposed on the CAA by section 2.

(3)Those functions are—

(a)deciding an application for permission to appeal under section 19A;

(b)deciding an application under Schedule A1 for permission to intervene in an appeal;

(c)determining an appeal under section 19A, including taking decisions and giving directions described in section 19C.

(4)Except where Schedule A1 provides otherwise, the functions of the CMA with respect to an appeal under section 19A are to be carried out on behalf of the CMA by a group constituted for the purpose, by the chair of the CMA, under Schedule 4 to the Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013.]

EnforcementU.K.

[F1720EnforcementU.K.

Schedule B1 makes provision for—

(a)the enforcement of the duties imposed by section 8 and licence conditions, and

(b)connected appeals.]

F1821 Exceptions.U.K.

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F1822 Procedural requirements.U.K.

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F1823 Validity of orders.U.K.

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F1824 Effect of orders.U.K.

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[F1925Power to obtain informationU.K.

Schedule C1 makes provision—

(a)to enable the CAA to obtain information for the purposes of carrying out its functions under section 34 and Schedule B1,

(b)for enforcement in connection with the exercise of those powers, and

(c)for connected appeals.]

[F20PenaltiesU.K.

25AImposing penaltiesU.K.

(1)The CAA may not impose a penalty on a person under paragraph 9 or 10 of Schedule B1 or paragraph 2, 3 or 4 of Schedule C1 for an act or omission if it has imposed a penalty on the person under one of those provisions in respect of the same act or omission.

(2)Subsection (1) does not prevent the CAA imposing more than one penalty on a person in respect of acts or omissions that take place at different times or over different periods.

25BRecovering penaltiesU.K.

(1)This section applies if all or part of a penalty imposed on a person under this Chapter is not paid within the period specified in the notice given in respect of the penalty under paragraph 12 of Schedule B1 or paragraph 6 of Schedule C1.

(2)The unpaid balance carries interest from time to time at the rate for the time being specified in section 17 of the Judgments Act 1838.

(3)The CAA may recover from any person as a debt due to the CAA—

(a)the unpaid balance, and

(b)any interest on the penalty that has not been paid.

(4)Any sums received by the CAA by way of a penalty or interest under this Chapter must be paid into the Consolidated Fund.

25CStatement of policy on penaltiesU.K.

(1)The CAA must prepare and publish a statement of its policy with respect to—

(a)imposing penalties under this Chapter, and

(b)determining their amount.

(2)The CAA may revise the statement of policy and, if it does so, it must publish the revised statement.

(3)When imposing a penalty under this Chapter, or determining the amount of such a penalty, the CAA must have regard to the last statement of policy published before the act or omission in respect of which the penalty is to be imposed.

(4)When preparing or revising a statement, the CAA must consult any persons that it considers appropriate.]

Administration orders etc.U.K.

26 Protection of licence companies etc.U.K.

(1)No licence company may be wound up voluntarily.

(2)No application may be made to a court for an administration order under Part II of the 1986 Act in relation to a licence company, and—

(a)anything purporting to be such an application is of no effect;

(b)no administration order may be made under that Part in relation to a licence company.

(3)No step may be taken by a person to enforce any security over the property of a licence company unless the person has given to the Secretary of State and the CAA at least 14 days’ notice of his intention to take the step.

(4)No application for the winding up of a licence company may be made by a person other than the Secretary of State unless the person has given to the Secretary of State and the CAA at least 14 days’ notice of his intention to make the application.

(5)In subsection (3) “security” and “property” have the same meanings as in Parts I to VII of the 1986 Act.

(6)In this section and sections 27 to 30—

(a)references to a licence company are to a company which holds a licence;

(b)references to the 1986 Act are to the M4Insolvency Act 1986.

27 Duty to make order.U.K.

(1)This section applies if an application is made to any court for the winding up of a licence company.

(2)The Secretary of State and the CAA are entitled to be heard by the court.

(3)The court must not make a winding up order or appoint a provisional liquidator.

(4)But if the court is satisfied that it would be appropriate to make a winding up order if the company were not a licence company, it must instead make an air traffic administration order.

(5)The Secretary of State and the CAA may propose a person to manage the company’s affairs, business and property while an air traffic administration order is in force; and if they do the court must appoint that person.

(6)A reference to the court is to the court which (but for this section) would have jurisdiction to wind up the company.

28 Power to make order.U.K.

(1)The court may make an air traffic administration order in relation to a licence company if—

(a)an application by petition is made by the Secretary of State or by the CAA with his consent, and

(b)the court is satisfied that one or more of the following four conditions is satisfied.

(2)The first condition is that the company is or is likely to be unable to pay its debts.

(3)The second condition is that—

(a)the Secretary of State certifies that but for section 27 it would be appropriate for him to petition for the company’s winding up under section 124A of the 1986 Act (petition following inspectors’ report etc), and

(b)but for section 27 it would be just and equitable (as mentioned in section 124A) for the company to be wound up.

(4)The third condition is that—

(a)there has been or is or is likely to be a contravention by the company of a section 8 duty,

[F21(b)no notice of withdrawal or revocation has been given under paragraph 1(8), 4(2) or 7(2) of Schedule B1 in relation to the contravention or apprehended contravention, and]

(c)the contravention or apprehended contravention is serious enough to make it inappropriate for the company to continue to hold the licence concerned.

(5)The fourth condition is that—

(a)[F22an enforcement order or an urgent enforcement order] has been made or confirmed in relation to a section 8 duty or a licence condition,

(b)the order is not the subject of [F23an appeal under section 19A], and

(c)there has been or is or is likely to be such a contravention of the order by the company as to make it inappropriate for it to continue to hold the licence concerned.

(6)For the purposes of subsection (2) a company is unable to pay its debts if it is deemed to be unable to do so under section 123 of the 1986 Act.

[F24(7)In subsections (4) and (5)—

• “section 8 duty” means a duty imposed on a licence holder by section 8;

• “licence condition” means a condition of a licence holder's licence.]

(8)A reference to the court is to the court which (but for section 27) would have jurisdiction to wind up the company.

29 Air traffic administration orders.U.K.

(1)An air traffic administration order made under section 27 or 28 is an order directing that in the period while the order is in force the company’s affairs, business and property are to be managed by a person appointed by the court—

(a)for the achievement of the following two purposes, and

(b)in a manner which protects the interests of the company’s members and creditors.

(2)The first purpose is—

(a)the transfer to another company, as a going concern, of so much of the licence company’s undertaking as it is necessary to transfer to ensure that its licensed activities may be properly carried out, or

(b)the transfer to different companies of different parts of the licence company’s undertaking, as going concerns, where the parts together constitute so much of its undertaking as is described in paragraph (a).

(3)The second purpose is the carrying on, pending the transfer, of the licence company’s licensed activities.

(4)A reference to a licence company’s licensed activities is to the activities which the licence concerned authorises the company to carry out.

(5)In subsection (1) “business” and “property” have the same meanings as in the 1986 Act.

(6)The reference in subsection (1) to the court is to the court making the order.

30 Petitions and orders: supplementary.U.K.

(1)A petition under section 28 above cannot be withdrawn except with the court’s leave.

(2)Section 9(4) and (5) of the 1986 Act (court’s powers) apply on the hearing of a petition under section 28 above as they apply on the hearing of a petition for an administration order.

(3)Section 10(1), (2), (4) and (5) of the 1986 Act (effect of petition) apply in the case of a petition under section 28 above as if—

(a)the reference in subsection (1) to an administration order were to an air traffic administration order;

(b)the reference in subsection (1)(c) to proceedings included a reference to proceedings under or for the purposes of [F25Schedule B1 to this Act];

(c)in subsection (1)(c) after “its property” there were inserted “ , and no right of re-entry or forfeiture may be enforced against the company in respect of any land, ”;

(d)subsection (2)(b) and (c) were omitted.

(4)Schedules 1 and 2 contain provisions relating to air traffic administration orders.

(5)The power given by section 411 of the 1986 Act to make rules applies for the purpose of giving effect to the air traffic administration order provisions as it applies for the purpose of giving effect to Parts I to VII of that Act, but taking references to those Parts as references to those provisions.

(6)The air traffic administration order provisions are sections 27 to 29, this section and Schedules 1 and 2.

(7)The reference in subsection (1) to the court is to the court to which the application by petition is made.

31 Government financial help.U.K.

(1)If an air traffic administration order is in force in relation to a company the Secretary of State may—

(a)make grants or loans to the company of such sums as he thinks appropriate to facilitate the achievement of the order’s purposes;

(b)agree to indemnify the air traffic administrator in respect of liabilities incurred and loss or damage sustained by him in connection with carrying out his functions under the order.

(2)The Secretary of State may guarantee, in such manner and on such terms as he thinks fit, the repayment of the principal of, the payment of interest on and the discharge of any other financial obligation in connection with any sum borrowed from any person by a company in relation to which an air traffic administration order is in force when the guarantee is given.

(3)The terms on which a grant is made under this section may require all or part of it to be repaid to the Secretary of State if there is a contravention of the other terms on which it is made.

(4)A loan made under this section must be repaid to the Secretary of State at such times and by such methods, and interest must be paid to him at such rates and times, as may be specified in directions given by him from time to time.

(5)Subsections (3) and (4) do not prejudice any provision applied in relation to the company by Schedule 1.

(6)A grant, loan, agreement to indemnify, guarantee or direction under this section requires the Treasury’s consent.

(7)The air traffic administrator is the person appointed by the court to achieve the purposes of the air traffic administration order.

32 Guarantees under section 31.U.K.

(1)This section applies to a guarantee given under section 31.

(2)Immediately after a guarantee is given the Secretary of State must lay a statement of it before each House of Parliament.

(3)If a sum is paid out for fulfilling a guarantee, as soon as possible after the end of each relevant financial year the Secretary of State must lay a statement relating to the sum before each House of Parliament.

(4)If any sums are paid out for fulfilling a guarantee the borrowing company must make to the Secretary of State at such times and in such manner as may be specified in directions given by him from time to time—

(a)payments of such amounts as he may specify in such directions in or towards repayment of the sums paid out, and

(b)payments of interest at such rate as he may specify in such directions on what is outstanding in respect of sums paid out.

(5)Subsection (4) does not prejudice any provision applied in relation to the borrowing company by Schedule 1.

(6)A direction under this section requires the Treasury’s consent.

(7)Relevant financial years are financial years starting with that in which the sum is paid out and ending with that in which all liability in respect of the principal of the sum and interest on it is finally discharged.

(8)The borrowing company is the company which borrowed the sums in respect of which the guarantee was given.

33 Northern Ireland.U.K.

Schedule 3 contains provisions relating to Northern Ireland.

MiscellaneousU.K.

34 Investigations.U.K.

[F26(1)A person may make a representation to the CAA about an alleged or apprehended contravention of a section 8 duty or a licence condition.

(2)Where a representation is made to the CAA, the CAA may—

(a)consider the representation;

(b)investigate the alleged or apprehended contravention.]

(3)A section 8 duty is a duty imposed on a licence holder by section 8.

35 Register.U.K.

(1)The CAA must compile and maintain a register for the purposes of this Chapter.

(2)The register must be kept at such premises and in such form as the CAA decides.

(3)The CAA must cause these matters to be entered in the register—

(a)the provisions of every exemption;

(b)the provisions of every licence;

(c)every modification of the [F27licence conditions];

(d)every revocation or surrender of a licence;

(e)the provisions of every requirement or determination made or direction, consent or approval given under a licence;

(f)the terms of every notice given under section 9;

[F28(g)the terms of every contravention notice;

(h)the terms of every withdrawal of a contravention notice;

(i)the terms of every enforcement order;

(j)the terms of every urgent enforcement order that has been confirmed;

(k)the terms of every modification or revocation of an enforcement order or urgent enforcement order.]

(4)The duty in subsection (3) does not extend to anything of which the CAA is unaware.

(5)So far as practicable the CAA must secure the exclusion from the register of any matter relating to the affairs of a person if the CAA thinks its inclusion would or might seriously and prejudicially affect the person’s interests.

(6)If the Secretary of State thinks that entry of anything in the register would be against the public interest or any person’s commercial interests, he may give a direction to the CAA requiring the CAA not to enter it.

(7)The CAA must secure that the contents of the register are available for inspection by the public during such hours as may be specified in an order made by the Secretary of State.

(8)If requested by any person to do so the CAA must supply him with a copy (certified to be true) of the register or of an extract from it.

(9)But subsection (8) does not apply if a charge required by a scheme or regulations made under section 11 of the M5Civil Aviation Act 1982 is not paid.

36 Land.U.K.

Schedule 4 gives licence holders powers in relation to land.

37 Licence holders as statutory undertakers.U.K.

Schedule 5 contains provisions treating licence holders as statutory undertakers.

38 Directions in interests of national security etc.U.K.

(1)The Secretary of State may give to a licence holder or to licence holders generally such directions of a general character as he thinks are necessary or expedient—

(a)in the interests of national security, or

(b)in the interests of encouraging or maintaining the United Kingdom’s relations with another country or territory.

(2)The Secretary of State may give to a licence holder a direction requiring it to do or not to do a particular thing, if the Secretary of State thinks it necessary or expedient to give the direction in the interests of national security.

(3)The Secretary of State may give to a licence holder a direction requiring it—

(a)to do or not to do a particular thing in connection with anything authorised by the licence, or

(b)to secure that a particular thing is done or not done in connection with anything authorised by the licence,

if the Secretary of State thinks it necessary or expedient to give the direction in order to discharge or facilitate the discharge of an international obligation of the United Kingdom.

(4)In exercising his powers under subsections (1) to (3) the Secretary of State must have regard to the need to maintain a high standard of safety in the provision of air traffic services.

(5)In so far as a direction under this section conflicts with the requirements of section 93 or of an order under section 94, the direction is to be disregarded.

(6)In so far as a direction under this section conflicts with the requirements of an enactment or instrument other than section 93 or an order under section 94, the requirements are to be disregarded.

(7)Before giving a direction under this section to a particular licence holder (as opposed to licence holders generally) the Secretary of State must consult it.

(8)The Secretary of State must send a copy of a direction under this section to the CAA.

(9)The Secretary of State must lay before each House of Parliament a copy of a direction under this section unless he thinks its disclosure is against the interests of national security or the interests of the United Kingdom’s relations with another country or territory or the commercial interests of any person.

(10)A person must not disclose, and is not required by any enactment or otherwise to disclose, a direction given or other thing done by virtue of this section if the Secretary of State notifies him that he thinks disclosure is against the interests of national security or the interests of the United Kingdom’s relations with another country or territory or the commercial interests of any person (other than the person notified).

(11)A person commits an offence if—

(a)without reasonable excuse he contravenes or fails to comply with a direction under this section, or

(b)he makes a disclosure in contravention of subsection (10).

(12)A person who commits an offence under this section is liable—

(a)on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum;

(b)on conviction on indictment, to a fine or imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or both.

39 Directions relating to the environment.U.K.

(1)The Secretary of State may give such directions as he thinks are necessary or expedient—

(a)to prevent or deal with noise, vibration, pollution or other disturbance attributable to aircraft used for the purpose of civil aviation;

(b)to limit or mitigate the effects of such noise, vibration, pollution or disturbance.

(2)Directions under this section may be given to—

(a)a licence holder or licence holders generally;

(b)a person who is authorised by an exemption to provide air traffic services (an authorised person) or authorised persons generally.

(3)A direction under this section may be of a general character or may require a licence holder or an authorised person to do or not to do a particular thing.

(4)A direction under this section may include provision requiring persons to have regard to guidance which relates to the environment and which the Secretary of State may issue from time to time.

(5)In so far as a direction under this section conflicts with the requirements of section 38 or 93 or of an order under section 94, the direction is to be disregarded.

(6)In so far as a direction under this section conflicts with the requirements of an enactment or instrument other than section 38 or 93 or an order under section 94, the requirements are to be disregarded.

(7)Before giving a direction under this section to a particular licence holder or authorised person (as opposed to licence holders or authorised persons generally) requiring him to do or not to do a particular thing, the Secretary of State must consult—

(a)that licence holder or authorised person;

(b)the CAA.

InterpretationU.K.

40 Interpretation.U.K.

(1)This section defines these expressions (here listed alphabetically) for the purposes of this Chapter—

(a)aerodrome;

[F29(aa)air transport service;

(ab)the CMA;

(ac)contravention;

(ad)contravention notice;

(ae)enforcement order;]

F30(b). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(c)exemption;

(d)licence;

[F31(da)licence condition;]

(e)licence holder;

(f)managed area;

(g)manager of an aerodrome;

(h)modification.

[F32(i)notice;

(j)publication;

(k)representation;

(l)term of licence;

(m)urgent enforcement order.]

(2)An aerodrome is an aerodrome as defined in section 105(1) of the M6Civil Aviation Act 1982; and a manager of an aerodrome is a person who is in charge of it or holds a licence granted in respect of it by virtue of section 60 of that Act (Chicago Convention, regulation of air navigation etc).

(3)These are managed areas—

(a)the United Kingdom;

(b)any area which is outside the United Kingdom but in respect of which the United Kingdom has undertaken under international arrangements to provide air traffic services.

(4)An exemption is an exemption under this Chapter.

(5)A licence is a licence under this Chapter, and references to a licence holder must be construed accordingly.

[F33(6)A licence condition is a provision of a licence which is expressed as a condition.

(6A)A term of a licence is a provision of a licence which is not a licence condition.]

(7)“Modification” includes addition, alteration and omission, and cognate expressions are to be construed accordingly.

[F34(8)“Air transport service” and “user”, in relation to such services, have the meaning given in section 69(1) of the Civil Aviation Act 2012 (air transport services).

(9)“The CMA” is the Competition and Markets Authority.

(10)References in this Chapter to a notice are to a notice in writing.

(11)Where a person is required to publish something by this Chapter, the person must publish it in whatever form and manner the person considers appropriate for bringing it to the attention of persons likely to be affected by it.

(12)A representation includes an objection.

(13)A contravention includes a failure to comply, and related expressions are to be read accordingly.

(14)A contravention notice is a notice under paragraph 1 of Schedule B1.

(15)An enforcement order is an order under paragraph 3 of Schedule B1.

(16)An urgent enforcement order is an order under paragraph 5 of Schedule B1.]

[F3540AConnected personsU.K.

(1)For the purposes of this Chapter one person is connected to another if they are group undertakings in relation to each other.

(2)“Group undertaking” has the same meaning as in the Companies Acts (see section 1161 of the Companies Act 2006).

(3)The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision about when one person is connected with another for the purposes of this Chapter, including provision amending or otherwise modifying subsections (1) and (2).]

Chapter IIU.K. Transfer schemes

IntroductionU.K.

41 Meaning of transfer scheme.U.K.

(1)For the purposes of this Chapter a transfer scheme is a scheme which contains provisions falling within one or more of subsections (2) to (8).

(2)Provisions falling within this subsection are ones for the transfer of any of the CAA’s property, rights or liabilities or of all or part of its undertaking to any of the following—

(a)the Secretary of State;

(b)a company which is wholly owned by the Crown;

(c)a company which is wholly owned by the CAA;

(d)a company which is a wholly owned subsidiary of a company falling within paragraph (b) or (c).

(3)Provisions falling within this subsection are ones for the transfer of any of the property, rights or liabilities of a company (the transferor) which is wholly owned by the CAA or of all or part of the transferor’s undertaking to any of the following—

(a)the Secretary of State;

(b)the CAA;

(c)a company which is wholly owned by the Crown;

(d)a company which is wholly owned by the CAA;

(e)a company which is a wholly owned subsidiary of a company falling within paragraph (c) or (d).

(4)Provisions falling within this subsection are ones for the transfer of any of the property, rights or liabilities of a company (the transferor) which is a wholly owned subsidiary of a company wholly owned by the CAA, or of all or part of the transferor’s undertaking, to any of the following—

(a)the CAA;

(b)a company which is wholly owned by the Crown;

(c)a company which is wholly owned by the CAA;

(d)a company which is a wholly owned subsidiary of a company falling within paragraph (b) or (c).

(5)Provisions falling within this subsection are ones for the transfer of any of the property, rights or liabilities of a company (the transferor) which is wholly owned by the Crown but which was wholly owned by the CAA on the coming into force of this section, or of all or part of the transferor’s undertaking, to any of the following—

(a)a company which is wholly owned by the Crown;

(b)a company which is a wholly owned subsidiary of the transferor.

(6)Provisions falling within this subsection are ones for the transfer of any of the property, rights or liabilities of a company (the transferor) which is wholly owned by the Crown, or of all or part of the transferor’s undertaking, to the CAA.

(7)Provisions falling within this subsection are ones for the transfer of any of the property, rights or liabilities of a company (the transferor) in circumstances where the transferor is a wholly owned subsidiary of a company (the holding company) wholly owned by the Crown and the holding company was wholly owned by the CAA on the coming into force of this section, or of all or part of the transferor’s undertaking, to any of the following—

(a)a company which is wholly owned by the Crown;

(b)a company which is a wholly owned subsidiary of a company falling within paragraph (a).

(8)Provisions falling within this subsection are ones for the transfer of any of the property, rights or liabilities of a company (the transferor) which is a wholly owned subsidiary of a company wholly owned by the Crown, or of all or part of the transferor’s undertaking, to the CAA.

(9)To the extent that a scheme provides for the transfer of all or part of an undertaking, references in the following provisions of this Chapter to property, rights and liabilities are to the undertaking or part (including property, rights and liabilities falling within it).

42 Transfer schemes: supplementary.U.K.

(1)The things which may be transferred by a transfer scheme include—

(a)anything which the transferor would not otherwise be capable of transferring or assigning;

(b)anything to which the transferor may become entitled or subject after the scheme is made and before it comes into force;

(c)anything situated anywhere in the United Kingdom or elsewhere;

(d)anything subsisting under an enactment;

(e)anything subsisting under the law of any part of the United Kingdom or of any country or territory outside the United Kingdom.

(2)A scheme may divide any property, rights or liabilities of a transferor and in connection with the division may—

(a)create for a transferor or transferee an interest in any property to which the scheme relates;

(b)create new rights and liabilities as between a transferor and a transferee with respect to any property to which the scheme relates;

(c)in connection with any provision made by virtue of paragraph (a) or (b), make incidental provision as to the interests, rights and liabilities of other persons with respect to any property to which the scheme relates.

(3)A scheme may impose obligations on a transferor and transferee to take any necessary steps to secure that the following have effect—

(a)any interest, right or liability created by virtue of subsection (2)(a) or (b);

(b)any incidental provision made by virtue of subsection (2)(c).

(4)A scheme may—

(a)impose on a transferor or transferee an obligation to enter into a specified written agreement with a specified person or persons (who may be or include a transferor or transferee);

(b)impose on a transferor or transferee an obligation to execute a specified instrument in favour of a specified person or persons (who may be or include a transferor or transferee);

(c)make provision (for instance, where part of particular property is transferred) that rights and liabilities specified or identified in the scheme are enforceable by or against a transferor or transferee (or both).

(5)A scheme may make such supplementary, incidental, consequential or transitional provisions as the scheme’s maker thinks are appropriate.

CAA’s schemesU.K.

43 Transfer schemes made by CAA.U.K.

(1)After consulting the CAA the Secretary of State may give a direction requiring it to make a transfer scheme.

(2)A direction may specify how a scheme is to be made and the time within which it is to be made and submitted to the Secretary of State (as well as what is to be transferred, the transferor and the transferee).

(3)In so far as a direction conflicts with the requirements of an enactment or instrument, the requirements are to be disregarded.

(4)No direction may be given under this section before the end of the period of three months starting with the day on which this Act is passed.

44 Effect of scheme made by CAA.U.K.

(1)This section applies to a scheme made under section 43.

(2)A scheme does not come into force unless the Secretary of State approves it in writing.

(3)Subject to that, a scheme comes into force on—

(a)the day it specifies for it to come into force, or

(b)if the approval specifies a day for it to come into force, that day.

(4)The Secretary of State may modify a scheme before approving it and after consulting each person who is a transferor or a transferee.

(5)When a scheme comes into force it has effect to transfer (in accordance with its provisions) the property, rights and liabilities to which it applies.

(6)Any transferor or transferee (other than the Secretary of State) must provide the Secretary of State with any information and other assistance he may reasonably require in connection with his powers to approve and modify under this section.

(7)If a body fails without reasonable excuse to comply with subsection (6) it is guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale.

(8)In this section “modify” includes add to, omit from and otherwise alter.

(9)No approval may be given under this section before the end of the period of three months starting with the day on which this Act is passed.

Secretary of State’s schemesU.K.

45 Transfer schemes made by Secretary of State.U.K.

(1)This section applies if—

(a)the CAA fails to submit a transfer scheme within the time specified in a direction under section 43, or

(b)the Secretary of State does not approve a transfer scheme submitted by the CAA.

(2)In such a case the Secretary of State may make a transfer scheme after consulting each person who is a transferor or a transferee.

(3)A scheme made under this section comes into force on the day it specifies for it to come into force.

(4)When the scheme comes into force it has effect to transfer (in accordance with its provisions) the property, rights and liabilities to which it applies.

(5)No scheme may be made under this section before the end of the period of three months starting with the day on which this Act is passed.

46 Information for purposes of section 45.U.K.

(1)If the Secretary of State proposes to make a transfer scheme he may give a direction to an interested body requiring it—

(a)to provide him with such information as he thinks necessary to enable him to make the scheme, and

(b)to do so within the period (not less than 28 days starting with the date on which the direction is given) specified in the direction.

(2)These are interested bodies—

(a)the CAA;

(b)a company which is wholly owned by the Crown;

(c)a company which is wholly owned by the CAA;

(d)a company which is a wholly owned subsidiary of a company falling within paragraph (b) or (c).

(3)If a body fails to comply with a direction under subsection (1) the Secretary of State may serve on it a notice which—

(a)requires it to produce any documents which are specified or described in the notice and are in its custody or under its control, and to produce them at a time and place so specified and to a person so specified, or

(b)requires it to supply information specified or described in the notice, and to supply it at a time and place and in a form and manner so specified and to a person so specified.

(4)No body may be required under this section—

(a)to produce documents which it could not be compelled to produce in civil proceedings in the court;

(b)to supply information which it could not be compelled to supply in such proceedings.

(5)If a body fails without reasonable excuse to do anything required of it by a notice under subsection (3) it is guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale.

(6)If a body intentionally alters, suppresses or destroys a document which it has been required to produce by a notice under subsection (3) it is guilty of an offence and liable—

(a)on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum;

(b)on conviction on indictment, to a fine.

(7)If a body makes default in complying with a notice under subsection (3) the court may on the Secretary of State’s application make such order as the court thinks fit for requiring the default to be made good.

(8)An order under subsection (7) may provide that all the costs or expenses of and incidental to the application are to be borne—

(a)by the body in default, or

(b)if officers of the body are responsible for its default, those officers.

(9)A reference to producing a document includes a reference to producing a legible and intelligible copy of information recorded otherwise than in legible form.

(10)A reference to suppressing a document includes a reference to destroying the means of reproducing information recorded otherwise than in legible form.

(11)A reference to the court is to—

(a)the High Court in relation to England and Wales or Northern Ireland;

(b)the Court of Session in relation to Scotland.

Accounting provisionsU.K.

47 Accounting provisions.U.K.

(1)This section applies if any property, rights or liabilities are transferred under a transfer scheme—

(a)from the CAA to a company,

(b)from a company to the CAA, or

(c)from a company to a company.

(2)The transfer scheme may state—

(a)the value at which any asset transferred to the transferee under the scheme is to be entered in the opening accounts of the transferee;

(b)the amount at which any liability so transferred is to be entered in those accounts.

(3)The value or amount which may be stated by virtue of subsection (2) is—

(a)in a case where the whole of the asset or liability is transferred by the transfer scheme, the value or amount at which the asset or liability appeared in the last full accounts of the transferor;

(b)in a case where part only of the asset or liability is so transferred, such part of the value or amount at which the asset or liability appeared in the last full accounts of the transferor as may be determined by or in accordance with the transfer scheme.

(4)But if the maker of the transfer scheme considers that some other value or amount is appropriate, the value or amount which may be stated by virtue of subsection (2) is that other amount or value.

(5)If no value or amount appeared as mentioned in subsection (3) in the case of an asset or liability, the value or amount which may be stated by virtue of subsection (2) is the value or amount which the maker of the transfer scheme considers appropriate.

(6)The transfer scheme may provide that the amount to be included in the opening accounts of the transferee as representing its accumulated realised profits is to be determined as if such proportion of any profits realised and retained by the transferor as may be determined by or in accordance with the transfer scheme had been realised and retained by the transferee.

(7)The transfer scheme may provide that the amount to be included in the opening accounts of the transferee as representing its accumulated realised losses is to be determined as if such proportion of any accumulated realised losses of the transferor as may be determined by or in accordance with the transfer scheme had been losses realised by the transferee.

(8)When the transfer scheme comes into force a statement or provision under subsection (2), (6) or (7) has effect to require any value or amount concerned to be entered or determined accordingly.

48 Accounting provisions: interpretation.U.K.

(1)This section applies for the purposes of section 47.

(2)The opening accounts of the transferee are—

(a)if the transferee is the CAA, the annual accounts prepared by it in accordance with section 15 of the M7Civil Aviation Act 1982 for the accounting year next ending after the transfer date;

(b)if the transferee is a company, any statutory accounts prepared by it for the accounting year next ending after the transfer date.

(3)The last full accounts of the transferor are—

(a)if the transferor is the CAA, the annual accounts prepared by it in accordance with section 15 of the M8Civil Aviation Act 1982 for the accounting year last ended before the making of the transfer scheme;

(b)if the transferor is a company, the statutory accounts of the company for the accounting year last ended before the making of the transfer scheme.

(4)An accounting year is—

(a)in the case of the CAA, the period of 12 months ending with 31 March in any year;

(b)in the case of a company, its financial year within the meaning of [F36the Companies Act 2006].

(5)Statutory accounts are accounts prepared by a company for the purpose of any provision of [F37the Companies Act 2006] (including group accounts).

Ownership of transferee companiesU.K.

49 Issue of securities.U.K.

(1)This section applies if any property, rights or liabilities are transferred under a transfer scheme to a transferee which at the time of the transfer is a company falling within subsection (4).

(2)The Secretary of State may give a direction under this section to the transferee if when the direction is given it is a company falling within subsection (4).

(3)A direction under this section is one requiring the transferee—

(a)to issue to the appropriate person such securities of the transferee as are specified in the direction,

(b)to do so at a time or times (specified in the direction) when it is a company falling within subsection (4), and

(c)to do so on such terms as are specified in the direction.

(4)A company falls within this subsection if it is—

(a)a company which is wholly owned by the Crown,

(b)a company which is wholly owned by the CAA, or

(c)a company which is a wholly owned subsidiary of a company falling within paragraph (a) or (b).

(5)The appropriate person is such of the following as the Secretary of State may specify in the direction—

(a)the transferor;

(b)the Secretary of State;

(c)the CAA;

(d)a company which is wholly owned by the Crown;

(e)a company which is wholly owned by the CAA;

(f)a company which is a wholly owned subsidiary of a company falling within paragraph (d) or (e).

(6)Shares issued in pursuance of this section—

(a)must be of such nominal value as may be specified in a direction given by the Secretary of State, and

(b)must be issued as fully paid and treated for the purposes of [F38the Companies Act 2006] as if they had been paid up by virtue of the payment to the transferee of their nominal value in cash.

50 Government investment in securities.U.K.

(1)This section applies if any property, rights or liabilities are transferred under a transfer scheme to a transferee which at the time of the transfer is—

(a)a company which is wholly owned by the Crown,

(b)a company which is wholly owned by the CAA, or

(c)a company which is a wholly owned subsidiary of a company falling within paragraph (a) or (b).

(2)The Treasury or the Secretary of State with the Treasury’s consent may—

(a)acquire securities of the transferee by subscription or purchase;

(b)acquire options to acquire or dispose of securities of the transferee.

(3)The Secretary of State must not dispose of any securities or options acquired under this section without the Treasury’s consent.

51 Crown shareholding.U.K.

(1)This section applies if any property, rights or liabilities are transferred under a transfer scheme to a transferee which at the time of the transfer is—

(a)a company which is wholly owned by the Crown,

(b)a company which is wholly owned by the CAA, or

(c)a company which is a wholly owned subsidiary of a company falling within paragraph (a) or (b).

(2)The Secretary of State may by order designate such a transferee for the purposes of this section.

(3)The Secretary of State must ensure that the Crown does not dispose of any of the shares it holds in the designated company unless he is satisfied that a scheme is in place to ensure the completion of any project which—

(a)concerns the development of major facilities connected with air traffic services, and

(b)was commissioned before the coming into force of this section by the CAA or a company wholly owned by the CAA.

(4)The Secretary of State must ensure that the Crown does not dispose of any of the shares it holds in the designated company unless—

(a)the Crown holds at least 49 per cent of the company’s issued ordinary share capital immediately before the disposal, and

(b)the Crown will continue to hold at least 49 per cent of that share capital immediately after the disposal.

(5)The Secretary of State must ensure that at any given time the Crown holds at least 25 per cent of the designated company’s issued ordinary share capital.

(6)The Secretary of State must ensure that the Crown continues to hold any special share provided for under the designated company’s articles of association.

(7)A special share is a share which can be held only by the Crown and which gives the shareholder the right to prevent certain events by withholding consent.

(8)The Secretary of State must not consent to any alteration of the designated company’s articles of association which requires his consent on behalf of the Crown as special shareholder unless a statement of the intended consent has been laid before and approved by resolution of each House of Parliament.

(9)If a person enters into a transaction relating to shares issued by the designated company—

(a)he need not enquire whether the transaction results in a contravention of subsection (3), (4), (5) or (6), and

(b)his rights in relation to the shares are not to be questioned on the grounds of, or affected by, a contravention of subsection (3), (4), (5) or (6).

(10)Grounds on which the Secretary of State may be satisfied that a scheme is in place as mentioned in subsection (3) include the grounds that the arrangements for the disposal of the shares include provision obliging the person acquiring them to ensure the completion of the project.

(11)For the purposes of this section a project concerns the development of major facilities if (and only if) the Secretary of State thinks that the value of the project is above £200 million.

(12)The Secretary of State may by order amend or repeal this section.

Transferee companies: other provisionsU.K.

52 Loans.U.K.

(1)This section applies if any property, rights or liabilities are transferred under a transfer scheme to a transferee which at the time of the transfer is a company falling within subsection (3).

(2)With the Treasury’s approval the Secretary of State may make loans of such amounts as he thinks fit to the transferee if when the loans are made it is a company falling within subsection (3).

(3)A company falls within this subsection if it is—

(a)a company which is wholly owned by the Crown,

(b)a company which is wholly owned by the CAA, or

(c)a company which is a wholly owned subsidiary of a company falling within paragraph (a) or (b).

(4)If loans are made under this section—

(a)they must be repaid to the Secretary of State at such times and by such methods as he may specify in a direction given with the Treasury’s approval;

(b)interest on them must be paid to him at such rates and at such times as may be specified in such a direction.

(5)The Secretary of State must exercise his powers under this section so as to ensure that the aggregate of the amounts outstanding in respect of the principal of loans made under this section does not at any time exceed £1,000 million.

(6)In respect of each financial year the Secretary of State must prepare, in such form as may be specified in a direction given by the Treasury, an account of—

(a)sums issued to him out of the National Loans Fund for making loans under this section,

(b)sums received by him under subsection (4), and

(c)how he has disposed of those sums.

(7)The Secretary of State must send the account to the Comptroller and Auditor General not later than the end of the month of August in the following financial year.

(8)The Comptroller and Auditor General must examine, certify and report on the account and must lay copies of it and of his report before each House of Parliament.

53 Guarantees.U.K.

(1)This section applies if any property, rights or liabilities are transferred under a transfer scheme to a transferee which at the time of the transfer is a company falling within subsection (3).

(2)The Treasury or the Secretary of State may guarantee the discharge of any financial obligation of the transferee if when the guarantee is made it is a company falling within subsection (3).

(3)A company falls within this subsection if it is—

(a)a company which is wholly owned by the Crown,

(b)a company which is wholly owned by the CAA, or

(c)a company which is a wholly owned subsidiary of a company falling within paragraph (a) or (b).

(4)In the case of a financial obligation incurred before the giving of a guarantee, it is immaterial when the obligation was incurred.

(5)A guarantee may be given on such terms and in such manner as the Treasury or the Secretary of State decides.

(6)A guarantee may continue to have effect after the transferee has ceased to be a company falling within subsection (3).

(7)The Treasury may not give a guarantee in relation to a financial obligation which is owed by the transferee to the Secretary of State.

(8)A guarantee may not be given unless the Treasury or the Secretary of State has entered into arrangements under which the transferee will be liable to make payments (including payments of interest) in respect of sums issued in fulfilment of the guarantee.

(9)The Treasury and the Secretary of State must exercise their powers under this section so as to ensure that the aggregate of the amounts of principal in relation to which guarantees are given under this section does not at any time exceed £500 million.

(10)As soon as practicable after giving a guarantee under this section the Treasury or the Secretary of State must lay a statement of the guarantee before each House of Parliament.

(11)As soon as practicable after issuing a sum in fulfilment of a guarantee under this section the Treasury or the Secretary of State must lay a statement relating to the sum before each House of Parliament.

(12)If a payment is not made as required by arrangements under subsection (8), as soon as practicable after the default occurs the Treasury or the Secretary of State (depending on who made the arrangements) must lay a statement of the default before each House of Parliament.

54 Grants.U.K.

(1)This section applies if any property, rights or liabilities are transferred under a transfer scheme to a transferee which at the time of the transfer is a company falling within subsection (3).

(2)With the Treasury’s approval the Secretary of State may make grants towards the transferee’s expenditure if when the grants are made it is a company falling within subsection (3).

(3)A company falls within this subsection if it is—

(a)a company which is wholly owned by the Crown,

(b)a company which is wholly owned by the CAA, or

(c)a company which is a wholly owned subsidiary of a company falling within paragraph (a) or (b).

(4)Grants may be of such amounts and be made at such times and in such manner as the Secretary of State may determine with the Treasury’s approval.

(5)Grants may be made subject to such conditions as the Secretary of State may determine with the Treasury’s approval.

(6)Grants may be retained by the transferee after it has ceased to be a company falling within subsection (3) (subject to any condition imposed under subsection (5)).

55 Trustee investments.U.K.

(1)This section applies if—

(a)any property, rights or liabilities are transferred under a transfer scheme to a transferee which at the time of the transfer is a company wholly owned by the Crown,

(b)at a time after the transfer the first condition (set out in subsection (2)) is satisfied, and

(c)the second condition (set out in subsection (3)) is satisfied.

(2)The first condition is that the transferee is a company whose shares or debentures are included in the Official List, within the meaning of Part IV of the M9Financial Services Act 1986, in pursuance of that Part.

(3)The second condition is that immediately before its shares or debentures are admitted to the Official List the transferee is wholly owned by the Crown.

(4)If this section applies, subsection (5) has effect for the purpose of applying paragraph 3(b) of Part IV of Schedule 1 to the M10Trustee Investments Act 1961 (dividends to be paid in each of the five years immediately preceding investment year) in relation to investment in shares or debentures of the transferee in the year of issue or any later year.

(5)The transferee must be taken to have paid a dividend as mentioned in paragraph 3(b)—

(a)in every year which precedes the year of issue and which is included in the relevant five years, and

(b)in the year of issue, if it is included in the relevant five years and the transferee does not in fact pay such a dividend in that year.

(6)For the purposes of this section—

(a)the year of issue is the calendar year in which shares in the transferee are first issued in pursuance of section 49;

(b)the relevant five years are the five years immediately preceding the year in which the investment in question is made or proposed to be made.

56 Shadow directors.U.K.

(1)This section applies if—

(a)any property, rights or liabilities are transferred under a transfer scheme to a transferee which at the time of the transfer is a company falling within subsection (2), and

(b)at a time after the transfer the condition set out in subsection (3) is satisfied.

(2)A company falls within this subsection if it is—

(a)a company which is wholly owned by the Crown,

(b)a company which is wholly owned by the CAA, or

(c)a company which is a wholly owned subsidiary of a company falling within paragraph (a) or (b).

(3)The condition is that—

(a)the transferee continues to be, or becomes and continues to be, a company which is wholly owned by the Crown or a wholly owned subsidiary of such a company, or

(b)the Crown continues to hold any special share provided for under the transferee’s articles of association.

[F39(4)For the purposes of the provisions listed in subsection (5) none of the persons listed in subsection (8) is to be regarded as a shadow director of the transferee or of a company associated with the transferee at a time while the condition set out in subsection (3) is satisfied.]

[F40(5)The provisions are—

(a)section 162(6) of the Companies Act 2006 (register of directors: liability for offence);

(b)Chapter 3 of Part 10 of that Act (declaration of interest in existing transaction or arrangement);

(c)sections 190 to 196 of that Act (transactions requiring members’ approval: substantial property transactions);

(d)sections 197 to 214 of that Act (transactions requiring members’ approval: loans etc.);]

[F41(e)regulation 28(3) of the Companies, Limited Liability Partnership and Business (Names and Trading Disclosures) Regulations 2015 (liability for offence), as it applies in relation to an offence under regulation 26 (disclosure of names of directors).]

(8)The persons are—

(a)a Minister of the Crown;

(b)a Northern Ireland Minister;

(c)a nominee of a person falling within paragraph (a) or (b);

(d)a Northern Ireland Department.

(9)A special share is a share which can be held only by the Crown and which gives the shareholder the right to prevent certain events by withholding consent.

(10)A company is associated with the transferee if the conditions in subsections (11) and (12) are satisfied.

(11)The first condition is that the company is designated for the purposes of this subsection by an order of the Secretary of State.

(12)The second condition is that the company is—

(a)wholly owned by the Crown, or

(b)a subsidiary of the transferee.

Extinguishment of liabilitiesU.K.

57 Extinguishment of liabilities.U.K.

(1)With the Treasury’s consent the Secretary of State may give a direction under this section to the CAA if he thinks that to do so would be appropriate in connection with a transfer scheme which has been or is proposed to be made.

(2)A direction may be given in relation to a company which is wholly owned by the CAA when the direction is given, and it may require the CAA—

(a)to release the company from liability in respect of debts which the company owes to the CAA and which are specified in the direction;

(b)to do so at a time when the company is wholly owned by the CAA;

(c)to become a party to such arrangements as the direction may specify with a view to the release taking effect.

(3)A direction may by virtue of subsection (2)(c) include provision as to instruments, their form and the time they are to be made.

(4)A direction has effect to require the CAA to act in accordance with it even if to do so would not be in furtherance of the CAA’s functions arising apart from this section.

(5)If a direction is given the Secretary of State may by order extinguish the CAA’s liability in respect of debts which satisfy these conditions—

(a)the CAA owes the debts to him,

(b)he thinks they correspond to those specified in the direction, and

(c)they are specified in the order.

(6)A direction or order may relate to liability for principal only.

58 Securities to be issued.U.K.

(1)With the Treasury’s consent the Secretary of State may give one or more directions under this section if he thinks that to do so would be appropriate in connection with a direction which has been given under section 57.

(2)A direction under this section may be given to a company falling within subsection (3), and it may require the company—

(a)to issue to the appropriate person specified in the direction such securities of the company as the direction specifies, or

(b)to issue to different appropriate persons so specified such securities of the company as the direction specifies.

(3)These companies fall within this subsection—

(a)the company whose liability the direction under section 57 requires to be released;

(b)a company which wholly owns that company;

(c)a company which is a wholly owned subsidiary of a company falling within paragraph (a) or (b).

(4)These are appropriate persons—

(a)the Secretary of State;

(b)the company whose liability the direction under section 57 requires to be released;

(c)a company which wholly owns that company.

(5)But a company does not fall within subsection (3), and a company is not an appropriate person, unless—

(a)it is wholly owned by the Crown when the direction under this section is given, or

(b)it is a wholly owned subsidiary of a company which is wholly owned by the Crown when the direction under this section is given.

(6)Different directions may be given under this section to the same company; and different directions may be given to different companies.

(7)A company which is given a direction under this section must issue securities in accordance with it.

(8)Securities issued in pursuance of this section must be issued at such times and on such terms as the direction concerned specifies.

(9)Shares issued in pursuance of this section—

(a)must be of such nominal value as the direction concerned specifies, and

(b)must be issued as fully paid and treated for the purposes of [F42the Companies Act 2006] as if they had been paid up by virtue of the payment to the issuing company of their nominal value in cash.

59 Securities: other provisions.U.K.

(1)If a security is issued to a company in pursuance of section 49 or 58, for the purposes of its statutory accounts the value of the security when issued must be taken to have been equal to—

(a)its nominal value (if it is a share);

(b)the principal sum payable under it (if it is a debenture).

(2)The nominal value or principal sum mentioned above must be taken to be accumulated realised profits for the purposes of the company’s statutory accounts.

(3)If a direction under section 49 or 58 requires a company to issue a debenture the direction may specify—

(a)the principal sum payable under the debenture;

(b)the terms as to the payment of the principal sum;

(c)the terms as to the payment of interest on the principal sum.

(4)The principal sum payable under the debenture, and the terms as to the payment of it and of interest on it, must be taken to be those so specified.

(5)Statutory accounts are accounts prepared by a company for the purpose of any provision of [F43the Companies Act 2006] (including group accounts).

MiscellaneousU.K.

60 Enforcement of certain obligations.U.K.

(1)An obligation imposed by a provision included in a scheme by virtue of section 42(4)(a) is enforceable by civil proceedings by a person with whom the agreement is to be made or by any transferor or transferee.

(2)An obligation imposed by a provision included in a scheme by virtue of section 42(4)(b) is enforceable by civil proceedings by a person in whose favour the instrument is to be executed or by any transferor or transferee.

(3)The proceedings may be for an injunction or for interdict or for any other appropriate relief or remedy.

(4)A transaction effected in pursuance of an obligation mentioned in subsection (1) or (2)—

(a)is to have effect subject to the provisions of any enactment providing for transactions of the kind concerned to be registered in a statutory register, but

(b)subject to that, is to be binding on all other persons, even if it would otherwise require the consent or concurrence of any other person.

61 Special provisions about land.U.K.

(1)For the purposes of this section these rights affecting land are relevant land rights—

(a)a right of reverter (or in Scotland the right of the fiar on the termination of a liferent);

(b)a right of pre-emption;

(c)a right of forfeiture;

(d)a right of re-entry;

(e)a right of irritancy;

(f)an option;

(g)a right similar to anything falling within paragraphs (a) to (f).

(2)No relevant land right is to operate or become exercisable as a result of a transfer of land—

(a)under a transfer scheme,

(b)in consequence of anything done under Schedule 6, or

(c)pursuant to an obligation imposed by a provision included in a scheme by virtue of section 42(4)(a) or (b).

(3)In the case of a transfer mentioned in subsection (2) a relevant land right is to have effect as if—

(a)the person to whom the land is transferred were the same person in law as the person transferring the land, and

(b)no transfer of the land had taken place.

(4)Subsection (5) applies if—

(a)apart from subsections (2) and (3) a relevant land right would have operated in favour of a person or become exercisable by him, but

(b)the circumstances are such that in consequence of those subsections the right cannot subsequently operate in his favour or become exercisable by him (as the case may be).

(5)In such a case just compensation is payable to him by the person to whom the land is transferred or the person transferring it (or both) in respect of the right’s extinguishment.

(6)A dispute about whether or how much compensation is payable or about the person to or by whom it is payable must be referred to and decided by—

(a)an arbitrator appointed by the President of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (if the proceedings are to be held in England and Wales),

(b)an arbiter appointed by the Chairman of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors in Scotland (if the proceedings are to be held in Scotland), or

(c)an arbitrator appointed by the [F44Chairman of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors in Northern Ireland] (if the proceedings are to be held in Northern Ireland).

(7)If it appears to the person transferring the land that a person is or may be entitled to compensation he must—

(a)notify that person in writing that he is or may be entitled, and

(b)invite him to make representations to the person transferring the land, and to do so not later than the expiry of the period of 14 days starting with the date of issue of the notification.

(8)But if the person transferring the land is not aware of the name and address of the person concerned he must publish in such manner as he thinks appropriate a notice—

(a)containing information about the right affected, and

(b)inviting any person who thinks he is or may be entitled to compensation to make representations to the person transferring the land, and to do so within the period (not less than 28 days starting with the date of publication of the notice) specified in the notice.

(9)Subsections (2) and (3) apply in relation to the doing of any thing in relation to land (including the grant or creation of an estate or interest in it or right over it) as they apply in relation to a transfer of land; and a reference in this section to the person to whom the land is transferred or the person transferring it is to be construed accordingly.

62 Exercise of functions through nominees.U.K.

(1)The Treasury or the Secretary of State with the Treasury’s approval may for the purposes of section 49, 50 or 58 appoint a person to act as the nominee, or one of the nominees, of the Treasury or the Secretary of State.

(2)In accordance with directions given from time to time by the Treasury or by the Secretary of State—

(a)securities may be issued under section 49 or 58 to a nominee of the Secretary of State appointed for the purposes of that section, and

(b)a nominee of the Treasury or the Secretary of State appointed for the purposes of section 50 may acquire securities under that section.

(3)A person holding any securities as a nominee of the Treasury or the Secretary of State by virtue of this section must hold and deal with them (or any of them) on such terms and in such manner as may be specified in directions given by the Treasury or the Secretary of State.

(4)A direction of the Secretary of State under subsection (2) or (3) requires the Treasury’s consent.

63 Further provisions about transfer schemes.U.K.

Schedule 6 contains provisions about transfer schemes.

64 Tax.U.K.

Schedule 7 contains provisions about tax.

InterpretationU.K.

65 Interpretation.U.K.

(1)This section defines these expressions (here listed alphabetically) for the purposes of this Chapter—

(a)company;

(b)company which wholly owns a company;

(c)company wholly owned by the CAA;

(d)company wholly owned by the Crown;

(e)a Northern Ireland Minister;

(f)securities;

(g)shares held by the Crown;

(h)subsidiary and wholly owned subsidiary;

(i)transferee;

(j)transferor.

(2)“Company” [F45means a company as defined in section 1(1) of the Companies Act 2006].

(3)A company is wholly owned by the Crown at any time when all its shares are held by the Crown.

(4)Shares are held by the Crown if they are held—

(a)by a Minister of the Crown or his nominee,

(b)by a Northern Ireland Minister or his nominee,

(c)by a Northern Ireland department, or

(d)by a company of which all the shares are held by the Crown.

(5)“Northern Ireland Minister” includes the First Minister and the deputy First Minister in Northern Ireland.

(6)A company is wholly owned by the CAA at any time when it has no members except—

(a)the CAA and its wholly owned subsidiaries, or

(b)persons acting on behalf of the CAA or its wholly owned subsidiaries.

(7)A company which wholly owns another company is a company of which the other is a wholly owned subsidiary.

(8)The expressions “subsidiary” and “wholly owned subsidiary” have the meanings given by [F46section 1159 of the Companies Act 2006].

(9)“Securities” has the same meaning as in section 142 of the M11Financial Services Act 1986.

(10)A transferee is any person to whom anything is or is to be transferred by a scheme.

(11)A transferor is any person from whom anything is or is to be transferred by a scheme.

(12)The definitions in this section apply unless the contrary intention appears.

Chapter IIIU.K. Air navigation

66 Air navigation: directions.U.K.

(1)The Secretary of State may give directions to the CAA imposing duties or conferring powers (or both) on it with regard to air navigation in a managed area.

(2)No action is to lie in respect of a failure by the CAA to perform a duty imposed on it by a direction under subsection (1); but that does not affect a right of action in respect of an act or omission which takes place in the course of performing the CAA’s air navigation functions.

[F47(3)The chief executive of the CAA must, with the approval of the chair and at least one other non-executive member of the CAA, nominate another executive member of the CAA for the purposes of this section.]

[F47(3A)A person nominated under subsection (3) must perform on the CAA's behalf such of its air navigation functions as the Secretary of State may specify.]

[F47(3B)The chief executive must consult the Secretary of State before nominating a person under subsection (3).]

(4)The following provisions are not to apply to the CAA’s air navigation functions—

(a)section 7(1) of the M12Civil Aviation Act 1982 (Secretary of State’s power to prescribe functions not to be performed by a person on CAA’s behalf);

(b)paragraph 15 of Schedule 1 to that Act (CAA’s power to authorise a person to perform functions on its behalf).

(5)A person nominated under subsection (3) may authorise a member or employee of the CAA to perform on his behalf the functions which he is to perform by virtue of that subsection.

67 National security.U.K.

(1)The Secretary of State may nominate a [F48non-executive member] of the CAA for the purposes of this section, and in this section references to the national security nominee are to the person nominated under this section.

(2)Subsection (3) applies if—

(a)there is a difference of opinion between the national security nominee and the CAA,

(b)the difference of opinion relates to the CAA’s air navigation functions, and

(c)the national security nominee thinks that if the CAA’s opinion prevailed it could have an effect contrary to the interests of national security.

(3)In such a case—

(a)the CAA must refer the matter to the Secretary of State, and

(b)after consulting the CAA the Secretary of State may give it such directions regarding the matter as he thinks fit.

(4)The national security nominee may authorise a member or employee of the CAA to perform on his behalf the functions which he is to perform by virtue of this section; and while such an authorisation is effective references in subsection (2) to the national security nominee are to the person authorised under this subsection.

68 Directions: further provision.U.K.

(1)Directions under section 66(1) may include provision as to the manner in which the CAA is to exercise its air navigation functions.

(2)The provision may include—

(a)provision requiring consultation with specified persons or specified descriptions of persons in relation to specified matters;

(b)provision requiring the CAA to seek the approval of the Secretary of State in relation to specified matters;

(c)provision requiring the CAA in specified circumstances to refer specified matters to the Secretary of State.

(3)If a matter is referred to the Secretary of State by virtue of subsection (2)(b) or (c) he may give such directions to the CAA as he thinks fit.

69 Directions: supplementary.U.K.

(1)In so far as a direction under section 66(1), 67(3) or 68(3) conflicts with the requirements of section 93 or of an order under section 94, the direction is to be disregarded.

(2)In so far as a direction under section 66(1), 67(3) or 68(3) conflicts with the requirements of an enactment or instrument other than section 93 or an order under section 94, the requirements are to be disregarded.

(3)If a direction is given under section 66(1) the CAA—

(a)must publish the direction in such manner as may be specified in regulations made by the Secretary of State;

(b)must set out the direction in the report made under section 21 of the M13Civil Aviation Act 1982 (annual report) for the accounting year in which the direction is given.

(4)If a direction is given under section 67(3) or section 68(3) the CAA—

(a)must set out the direction in the report made under section 21 of the M14Civil Aviation Act 1982 for the accounting year in which the direction is given, but

(b)must exclude a direction or part of a direction as to which the Secretary of State notifies the CAA that in his opinion it is against the national interest to set it out in the report.

70 General duty.U.K.

(1)The CAA must exercise its air navigation functions so as to maintain a high standard of safety in the provision of air traffic services; and that duty is to have priority over the application of subsections (2) and (3).

(2)The CAA must exercise its air navigation functions in the manner it thinks best calculated—

(a)to secure the most efficient use of airspace consistent with the safe operation of aircraft and the expeditious flow of air traffic;

(b)to satisfy the requirements of operators and owners of all classes of aircraft;

(c)to take account of the interests of any person (other than an operator or owner of an aircraft) in relation to the use of any particular airspace or the use of airspace generally;

[F49(ca)to take account of any guidance relating to spaceflight activities (within the meaning of the Space Industry Act 2018) given to the CAA by the Secretary of State;]

(d)to take account of any guidance on environmental objectives given to the CAA by the Secretary of State after the coming into force of this section;

(e)to facilitate the integrated operation of air traffic services provided by or on behalf of the armed forces of the Crown and other air traffic services;

(f)to take account of the interests of national security;

(g)to take account of any international obligations of the United Kingdom notified to the CAA by the Secretary of State (whatever the time or purpose of the notification).

(3)If in a particular case there is a conflict in the application of the provisions of subsection (2), in relation to that case the CAA must apply them in the manner it thinks is reasonable having regard to them as a whole.

(4)The CAA must exercise its air navigation functions so as to impose on providers of air traffic services the minimum restrictions which are consistent with the exercise of those functions.

(5)Section 4 of the M15Civil Aviation Act 1982 (CAA’s general objectives) does not apply in relation to the performance by the CAA of its air navigation functions.

71 Information for purposes of Chapter III.U.K.

(1)The CAA may, for any purpose connected with its air navigation functions, serve on a person who provides air traffic services a notice which—

(a)requires the person to produce any documents which are specified or described in the notice and are in his custody or under his control, and to produce them at a time and place so specified and to a person so specified, or

(b)requires the person to supply information specified or described in the notice, and to supply it at a time and place and in a form and manner so specified and to a person so specified.

(2)A requirement may be made under subsection (1)(b) only if the person is carrying on a business.

(3)No person may be required under this section—

(a)to produce documents which he could not be compelled to produce in civil proceedings in the court;

(b)to supply information which he could not be compelled to supply in such proceedings.

(4)If a person without reasonable excuse fails to do anything required of him by a notice under subsection (1) he is guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale.

(5)If a person intentionally alters, suppresses or destroys a document which he has been required to produce by a notice under subsection (1) he is guilty of an offence and liable—

(a)on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum;

(b)on conviction on indictment, to a fine.

(6)If a person makes default in complying with a notice under subsection (1) the court may on the CAA’s application make such order as the court thinks fit for requiring the default to be made good.

(7)An order under subsection (6) may provide that all the costs or expenses of and incidental to the application are to be borne—

(a)by the person in default, or

(b)if officers of a company or other association are responsible for its default, by those officers.

(8)A reference to producing a document includes a reference to producing a legible and intelligible copy of information recorded otherwise than in legible form.

(9)A reference to suppressing a document includes a reference to destroying the means of reproducing information recorded otherwise than in legible form.

(10)A reference to the court is to—

(a)the High Court in relation to England and Wales or Northern Ireland;

(b)the Court of Session in relation to Scotland.

72 Interpretation.U.K.

(1)This section applies for the purposes of this Chapter.

(2)The CAA’s air navigation functions are the functions which the CAA is to perform in pursuance of directions under section 66(1).

(3)These are managed areas—

(a)the United Kingdom;

(b)any area which is outside the United Kingdom but in respect of which the United Kingdom has undertaken under international arrangements to carry out activities with regard to air navigation.

Chapter IVU.K. Charges for air services

ChargesU.K.

73 Charges for services.U.K.

(1)The CAA may specify—

(a)the amounts of, or methods of calculating, the charges which are to be paid by virtue of this section in respect of chargeable air services (or of such descriptions of those services as the CAA specifies),

(b)the operators and owners of aircraft (or descriptions of such operators and owners) who are to pay the charges,

(c)the persons (or descriptions of persons) to whom they are to be paid, and

(d)the currencies in which they are to be paid.

(2)On or after making specifications under subsection (1) the CAA may stipulate—

(a)that charges are to be dispensed with in cases of specified descriptions;

(b)that interest at a specified rate is to be paid on charges in respect of any period in which they are due but unpaid;

(c)that interest is to be paid with the charges or separately;

(d)that charges of a specified description are payable elsewhere than in the United Kingdom;

(e)that charges of a specified description are to be disposed of in a specified way when received.

(3)Charges of the specified amounts, or calculated in accordance with the specified methods, must be paid in accordance with specifications made under subsection (1).

(4)But if stipulations are made under subsection (2)(a) the charges concerned are not to be paid.

(5)If stipulations are made under subsection (2)(b) or (c) interest must be paid accordingly.

(6)If stipulations are made under subsection (2)(d) the charges concerned are payable accordingly.

(7)If stipulations are made under subsection (2)(e) the charges concerned must be disposed of accordingly.

(8)Subsections (3) to (7) have effect subject to section 74.

(9)For the purposes of subsection (1)(c) persons include—

(a)Eurocontrol and other international organisations, and

(b)governments of countries or territories outside the United Kingdom.

74 Publication, commencement, amendment and revocation.U.K.

(1)If the CAA makes specifications or stipulations under section 73—

(a)it must publish a notice containing them;

(b)they become effective as provided in the published notice.

(2)The CAA may amend or revoke any specifications or stipulations published under this section, and—

(a)it must publish a notice containing any amendment or revocation;

(b)the amendment or revocation becomes effective as provided in the published notice.

(3)An amendment or revocation does not affect any liability incurred before the amendment or revocation becomes effective.

(4)Publication under this section must be made—

(a)in the London Gazette, the Edinburgh Gazette and the Belfast Gazette, or

(b)in such other manner as the Secretary of State may provide by order.

75 Specifications: supplementary.U.K.

(1)This section applies for the purposes of specifications under section 73(1).

(2)The CAA may specify—

(a)different amounts or methods in respect of different descriptions of services;

(b)different amounts or methods in respect of different classes or descriptions of aircraft;

(c)different amounts or methods in respect of different circumstances in which aircraft are used.

(3)In specifying amounts or methods the CAA must have regard to—

(a)tariffs which are approved under any international agreement to which the United Kingdom is a party;

(b)tariffs which in the CAA’s opinion are likely to be approved under any such agreement before or within one month after the date when the specifications are to take effect;

(c)tariffs which in the CAA’s opinion are likely to be approved, before or within one month after the date when the specifications are to take effect, under any international agreement to which the United Kingdom is likely to be a party before or within one month after that date.

(4)Methods may be expressed by reference to such factors (including exchange rates between currencies) as the CAA thinks fit.

(5)A description of services may be expressed by reference to such factors (including the area in respect of which they are provided) as the CAA thinks fit.

(6)A description of operators and owners may be so general as to refer to all operators and owners.

(7)Owners and operators may be specified (or of a description specified) if the services concerned are available for the aircraft concerned, and it is immaterial whether or not the services are actually used or could be used with the equipment installed in the aircraft.

76 Liability, recovery etc.U.K.

(1)Liability to pay a charge by virtue of section 73 arises whether or not—

(a)the aircraft concerned is registered in the United Kingdom;

(b)it is in the United Kingdom when the services concerned are provided;

(c)the services concerned are provided from a place in the United Kingdom.

(2)A charge payable by virtue of section 73 is recoverable in the United Kingdom wherever it is payable (without prejudice to its recovery elsewhere).

(3)A court in any part of the United Kingdom has jurisdiction to hear and determine—

(a)a claim for a charge or interest payable by virtue of section 73;

(b)a claim, by a person appearing to the court to have an interest in the matter, that a charge which by virtue of that section must be disposed of in a particular way has not been disposed of in that way.

(4)Subsection (3) applies even if the person against whom the claim is made is not resident within the court’s jurisdiction.

77 Chargeable air services.U.K.

(1)For the purposes of this Chapter chargeable air services are services which—

(a)fall within subsection (2), and

(b)are not excepted air services (as defined in subsection (3)).

(2)These services fall within this subsection—

(a)air traffic services provided in respect of the United Kingdom;

(b)air traffic services which the United Kingdom has undertaken under international arrangements to provide in respect of an area outside the United Kingdom;

(c)air traffic services which are provided in respect of an area outside the United Kingdom and the charges for which the United Kingdom has undertaken to collect under international arrangements;

(d)services which are provided by the CAA in performing its air navigation functions (within the meaning of Chapter III) and for which Eurocontrol is to collect charges under the Eurocontrol agreement;

(e)air traffic services which do not fall within paragraph (d) and for which Eurocontrol is to collect charges under the Eurocontrol agreement.

(3)These are excepted air services—

(a)air traffic services provided by the owner or manager of an aerodrome or by his employee [F50other than services which fall within subsection (3A)];

(b)air traffic services provided on behalf of the owner or manager of an aerodrome (other than a designated aerodrome) in circumstances where the person providing the services is not an employee of the owner or manager and they are provided under a contract or other arrangement made by the owner or manager and the person providing them.

[F51(3A)Air traffic services fall within this subsection if—

(a)they are services for which Eurocontrol is to collect charges under the Eurocontrol agreement, and

(b)they are provided by the owner or manager of an aerodrome or by his employee under a contract or other arrangement made by the owner or manager with the CAA and the CAA in making that contract or other arrangement is acting in pursuance of its air navigation functions (within the meaning of Chapter III).]

(4)A designated aerodrome is an aerodrome designated by the Secretary of State by order for the purposes of subsection (3)(b).

(5)The Secretary of State may by order amend the meaning of chargeable air services for the purposes of this Chapter.

78 Amounts for recovery etc.U.K.

(1)This section applies if—

(a)an amount of a charge is specified under section 73(1) in respect of a service falling within section 77(2)(d) or (e), and

(b)under the Eurocontrol agreement Eurocontrol is to collect a charge in respect of the specification and publication of the amount of the charge and its recovery.

(2)In specifying the amount of the charge the CAA may include an amount in respect of the specification and publication of the amount of the charge and its recovery.

(3)References to an amount include references to a method of calculating an amount.

79 Further duties of the CAA.U.K.

(1)The CAA—

(a)must exercise its powers under section 73 if it thinks it should do so in order for international agreements to which the United Kingdom is a party to be fulfilled, and

(b)in exercising those powers must act in the manner it thinks best calculated to take account of those agreements.

(2)The CAA must exercise its powers under section 73 in relation to services falling within section 77(2)(b) if it thinks it should do so in order to enable the provider of the services to be paid for their provision.

80 Secretary of State’s duties.U.K.

(1)If information is given to the Secretary of State by the CAA concerning the charges the CAA would like to be paid in respect of chargeable air services which fall within section 77(2)(d), he must (so far as practicable) ensure that the information is given to Eurocontrol.

(2)If information is given to the Secretary of State by a licence holder concerning the charges it would like to be paid in respect of chargeable air services which it provides and which fall within section 77(2)(e), he must (so far as practicable) ensure that the information is given to Eurocontrol.

(3)But subsection (2) does not apply if the CAA tells the Secretary of State that giving the information to Eurocontrol could result in the licence holder being paid charges whose calculation was in contravention of the provisions of the licence.

(4)If money is received by the government of the United Kingdom from Eurocontrol in respect of a chargeable air service falling within section 77(2)(d) or (e), the Secretary of State must (so far as practicable) ensure that the money is paid to the person who provided the service.

(5)If money falls to be paid by Eurocontrol in respect of a chargeable air service falling within section 77(2)(d) or (e), the Secretary of State must (so far as practicable) ensure that the money falls to be paid by Eurocontrol to the person who provided the service.

(6)The reference to money being received by the government of the United Kingdom is to money being received by a person on behalf of that government.

MiscellaneousU.K.

81 Records.U.K.

(1)The Secretary of State may make regulations in order to facilitate the assessment and collection of charges payable by virtue of section 73.

(2)The regulations may require operators or owners of aircraft or managers of aerodromes—

(a)to make such records of the movements of aircraft, and of such other particulars relating to aircraft, as are specified;

(b)to preserve the records for a specified period;

(c)to produce relevant records for inspection by specified persons at specified times;

(d)to provide specified particulars of relevant records to specified persons.

(3)Relevant records are records required to be preserved by the operators, owners or managers by the regulations or an Air Navigation Order.

(4)The persons who may be specified under subsection (2)(c) or (d) are—

(a)in the case of charges payable to Eurocontrol, officers of the CAA or of Eurocontrol;

(b)in the case of other charges, officers of the CAA or of the organisation, government or other person to whom the charges are payable.

(5)The requirements may be imposed on the operator or owner of an aircraft whether or not—

(a)it is registered in the United Kingdom;

(b)it is in the United Kingdom when the services concerned are provided;

(c)the services concerned are provided from a place in the United Kingdom.

(6)A record includes (in addition to a record in writing)—

(a)a disc, tape, sound-track or other device in which sounds or signals are embodied so as to be capable of being reproduced from it (with or without the aid of some other instrument);

(b)a film, tape or other device in which visual images are embodied so as to be capable of being reproduced from it (with or without the aid of some other instrument);

(c)a photograph.

(7)An Air Navigation Order is an Order in Council under section 60 of the M16Civil Aviation Act 1982.

(8)In subsection (4)—

(a)a reference to officers of the CAA includes a reference to persons authorised to act as such officers;

(b)a reference to officers of Eurocontrol includes a reference to persons authorised to act as such officers.

82 Offences.U.K.

(1)A person commits an offence if without reasonable excuse he fails to comply with a requirement of regulations made under section 81.

(2)A person commits an offence if he is in possession of information provided to him or obtained by him under regulations made under section 81 and he discloses the information otherwise than—

(a)with the consent of the person by whom it was provided or from whom it was obtained,

(b)for the purposes of the regulations,

(c)for the purposes of any proceedings arising out of this Chapter,

(d)for the purposes of any criminal proceedings (however arising),

(e)for the purposes of any proceedings brought by virtue of paragraph 3 of Schedule 4 to the M17Civil Aviation Act 1982 (claims against Eurocontrol),

(f)for the purposes of a public inquiry or investigation held or carried out under regulations made under section 75 of the M18Civil Aviation Act 1982, or

(g)for the purposes of a report of any proceedings, inquiry or investigation mentioned above.

(3)A person commits an offence if in providing particulars under a provision contained in regulations by virtue of section 81(2)(d)—

(a)he provides particulars which he knows are false in a material particular, or

(b)he recklessly provides particulars which are false in a material particular.

(4)A person who commits an offence under subsection (1) is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 3 on the standard scale.

(5)A person who commits an offence under subsection (2) is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 3 on the standard scale or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or to both.

(6)A person who commits an offence under subsection (3) is liable—

(a)on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or to both;

(b)on conviction on indictment, to a fine or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or to both.

83 Detention and sale.U.K.

(1)The Secretary of State may make regulations containing—

(a)provision which, in the case of default by an operator in paying a charge payable by virtue of section 73, authorises the detention (pending payment) of any aircraft falling within subsection (2);

(b)provision which, in the case of default by an operator in complying with a requirement imposed by regulations made under section 81 to produce records for inspection or provide particulars of records, authorises the detention (pending compliance) of any aircraft of which he is the operator when detention begins;

(c)provision which authorises the sale of any detained aircraft if the default is not remedied within a specified period.

(2)These aircraft fall within this subsection—

(a)the aircraft in respect of which the charge was incurred (whether or not the person who is the operator of the aircraft when detention begins is the defaulter);

(b)any aircraft of which the defaulter is the operator when detention begins.

(3)Regulations under subsection (1) may—

(a)provide that detention (or continued detention) is authorised only in specified circumstances or at specified places;

(b)provide that in specified circumstances detention is authorised only if a specified person consents;

(c)provide that sale is authorised only in specified circumstances (which may relate to the court’s consent, to be given only in specified circumstances);

(d)specify the descriptions of person authorised to detain or sell aircraft;

(e)provide for the power of detention or sale to extend to other matters (such as the aircraft’s equipment);

(f)provide for the application of the proceeds of sale;

(g)provide for them to be applied in a specified order;

(h)make provision corresponding to any provision made by or under section 88 of the M19Civil Aviation Act 1982 (detention and sale of aircraft for unpaid airport charges);

(i)generally make such provision as the Secretary of State thinks is necessary or expedient to secure detention or sale.

InterpretationU.K.

84 Interpretation.U.K.

(1)This section applies for the purposes of this Chapter.

(2)Eurocontrol has the meaning given by section 24 of the M20Civil M21 Aviation Act 1982.

(3)The Eurocontrol agreement is the multilateral agreement relating to route charges signed at Brussels on 12 February 1981 or any agreement replacing it.

(4)An aerodrome is an aerodrome as defined in section 105(1) of the Civil Aviation Act 1982; and a manager of an aerodrome is a person who is in charge of it or holds a licence granted in respect of it by virtue of section 60 of that Act (Chicago Convention, regulation of air navigation etc).

(5)“Licence holder” has the meaning given by section 40.

Chapter VU.K. Competition

85 Interpretation of Chapter V.U.K.

(1)For the purposes of this Chapter—

[F52(a)the 2002 Act is the Enterprise Act 2002;]

(b)the 1998 Act is the M22Competition Act 1998;

[F53(c)the CMA is the Competition and Markets Authority.]

(2)For the purposes of this Chapter these expressions have the meanings given by section 40—

(a)aerodrome;

(b)licence;

(c)licence holder.

(3)If an expression is used in this Chapter and also in F54... the 1998 Act it has the same meaning in this Chapter as it has in the [F551998 Act].

86 Functions exercisable by CAA and [F56CMA] U.K.

(1)The functions to which subsections (2) and (3) apply shall be concurrent functions of the CAA and [F57the CMA].

[F58(2)This subsection applies to the [F59CMA’s] functions under Part 4 of the 2002 Act (other than sections 166 [F60, 171 and 174E]) so far as [F61those functions—]

[F61(a)are exercisable by the CMA Board (within the meaning of Schedule 4 to the Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013), and]

[F61(b)]relate to the supply of air traffic services.]

[F62(3)This subsection applies to the [F63CMA’s] functions under the provisions of Part 1 of the 1998 Act (other than sections 31D(1) to (6), 38(1) to (6) [F64, 40B(1) to (4)] and 51), so far as relating to—

(a)agreements, decisions or concerted practices of the kind mentioned in section 2(1) of that Act,

(b)conduct of the kind mentioned in section 18(1) of that Act, [F65or]

[F66(c)transferred EU anti-trust commitments or transferred EU anti-trust directions,]

which relate to the supply of air traffic services.]

(4)References to [F67the CMA] in—

(a)[F68Part 4 of the 2002 Act (except for sections 166 [F69, 171 and 174E] but including provisions of that Act applied by that Part)], and

(b)Part I of the 1998 Act ([F70except in sections 31D(1) to (6), 38(1) to (6) [F71 , 40B(1) to (4)]], 51, 52(6) and (8) and 54),

must be read as including references to the CAA.

[F72(4A)References to section 5 of the 2002 Act in Part 4 of that Act must be read as including a reference to section 91(1) of this Act.]

(5)But F73...—

(a)[F74subsections (4) and (4A) apply only so far as they are] consequential on subsections (1) to (3) above, and

(b)[F75subsection (4) applies] only if the context does not otherwise require.

[F76(5A)Section 130A of the 2002 Act is to have effect in its application in relation to the CAA by virtue of subsections (1) and (2)—

(a)as if for subsection (1) of that section there were substituted—

“(1)Where the Civil Aviation Authority—

(a)is proposing to carry out its functions under section 91(1) of the Transport Act 2000 in relation to a matter for the purposes mentioned in subsection (2), and

(b)considers that the matter is one in respect of which it would be appropriate for the Authority to exercise its powers under section 174 (investigation) in connection with deciding whether to make a reference under section 131,

the Authority must publish a notice under this section (referred to in this Part as a “market study notice”).”, and

(b)as if in subsection (2)(a) of that section, for “the acquisition or supply of goods or services of one or more than one description in the United Kingdom” there were substituted “the supply of air traffic services (within the meaning given by section 98 of the Transport Act 2000)”.]

(6)If a question arises as to whether subsections (1) to (3) above apply to a particular case the question must be referred to and determined by the Secretary of State.

(7)No objection may be taken to anything done by or in relation to the CAA—

(a)[F77Part 4 of the 2002 Act], or

(b)under Part I of the 1998 Act ([F78except under section 31D(1) to (6), 38(1) to (6)][F79 , 40B(1) to (4)] or 51),

on the ground that it should have been done by or in relation to [F80the CMA].

87 CAA’s [F812002] Act functions.U.K.

(1)For the purposes of this section the CAA’s [F812002] Act functions are the functions mentioned in subsection (2) of section 86 which, by virtue of that section, are functions of the CAA.

(2)The CAA must exercise its [F812002] Act functions so as to maintain a high standard of safety in the provision of air traffic services; and that duty is to have priority over the application of subsections (3) to (6).

(3)The CAA must exercise its [F812002] Act functions in the manner it thinks best calculated—

(a)to further the interests of operators and owners of aircraft, owners and managers of aerodromes, persons travelling in aircraft and persons with rights in property carried in them;

(b)to promote efficiency and economy on the part of suppliers of air traffic services;

(c)to secure that suppliers of air traffic services who are licence holders will not find it unduly difficult to finance activities authorised by their licences;

(d)to take account of any international obligations of the United Kingdom notified to the CAA by the Secretary of State (whatever the time or purpose of the notification);

(e)to take account of any guidance on environmental objectives given to the CAA by the Secretary of State after the coming into force of this section.

(4)The only interests to be considered under subsection (3)(a) are interests regarding the range, availability, continuity, cost and quality of air traffic services.

(5)The reference in subsection (3)(a) to furthering interests includes a reference to furthering them (where the CAA thinks it appropriate) by promoting competition in the provision of air traffic services.

(6)If in a particular case there is a conflict in the application of the provisions of subsections (3) to (5), in relation to that case the CAA must apply them in the manner it thinks is reasonable having regard to them as a whole.

(7)The CAA must exercise its [F812002] Act functions so as to impose on suppliers of air traffic services the minimum restrictions which are consistent with the exercise of those functions.

(8)Section 4 of the M23Civil Aviation Act 1982 (CAA’s general objectives) does not apply in relation to the performance by the CAA of its [F812002] Act functions.

88 CAA’s 1998 Act functions.U.K.

(1)For the purposes of this section the CAA’s 1998 Act functions are the functions mentioned in subsection (3) of section 86 which, by virtue of that section, are functions of the CAA.

(2)In exercising its 1998 Act functions the CAA may (in particular) have regard to any matter which satisfies the following condition.

(3)The condition is that the matter is one to which, by virtue of section 87, the CAA must have regard in exercising its [F822002] Act functions (within the meaning of that section).

89 Carrying out functions.U.K.

(1)For the purposes of this section the [F832002] Act functions are the functions mentioned in subsection (2) of section 86 which, by virtue of that section, are concurrent functions of the CAA and [F84the CMA].

(2)Before [F84the CMA] or the CAA first carries out the [F832002] Act functions in relation to a matter [F85it] must consult the other.

(3)If [F84the CMA] or the CAA has carried out the [F832002] Act functions in relation to a matter the other must not carry out the [F832002] Act functions in relation to the matter.

(4)If in carrying out the [F832002] Act functions the CAA makes a [F86market investigation reference (under section 131 of the 2002 Act)], to help the [F87CMA group (constituted under Schedule 4 to the Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013) which is to conduct the] investigation on the reference the CAA must give to it—

(a)any information the CAA has which relates to matters within the scope of the investigation and which the [F88CMA group] requests;

(b)any information the CAA has which relates to matters within the scope of the investigation and which the CAA thinks it would be appropriate for it to give without a request;

(c)any other help which the CAA is able to give in relation to matters within the scope of the investigation and which the [F89CMA group] requests.

(5)In carrying out the investigation concerned the [F90CMA group] must take account of any information given under subsection (4).

Chapter VIU.K. Miscellaneous and general

MiscellaneousU.K.

90 Publication of information and advice.U.K.

(1)The CAA may publish information and advice which it thinks it is expedient to give to—

(a)operators and owners of aircraft;

(b)owners and managers of aerodromes;

(c)persons travelling in aircraft and persons with rights in property carried in them.

(2)The CAA may instead arrange for the publication of such information and advice.

(3)Publication under this section is to be in the form and manner the CAA thinks appropriate.

(4)So far as practicable the CAA must secure the exclusion of any matter relating to the affairs of a person if the CAA thinks its publication would or might seriously and prejudicially affect the person’s interests.

(5)But subsection (4) does not apply if the CAA thinks publication of the matter would be in the public interest.