Housing and Regeneration Act 2008

Insolvency etc.E+W

[F1143AApplication of rules about insolvencyE+W

This group of sections does not apply to local authorities.]

F2144Preparatory steps: noticeE+W

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

[F3145MoratoriumE+W

A moratorium on the disposal of land by a private registered provider begins if a notice is given to the regulator under any of the following provisions of the Housing and Planning Act 2016—

(a)section 104(2)(a) (notice of winding up petition);

(b)section 105(4)(a) (notice of application for permission to pass a resolution for voluntary winding up);

(c)section 106(3)(a) (notice of ordinary administration application);

(d)section 107(4)(a) (notice of appointment of ordinary administrator);

(e)section 108(2)(a) (notice of intention to enforce security).]

146Duration of moratoriumE+W

[F4(1)The moratorium begins when the notice mentioned in section 145 is given.]

[F4(2)The moratorium ends when one of the following occurs—

(a)the expiry of the relevant period,

(b)the making of a housing administration order under Chapter 5 of Part 4 of the Housing and Planning Act 2016 in relation to the registered provider, or

(c)the cancellation of the moratorium (see subsection (5)).]

[F4(2A)The “relevant period” is—

(a)the period of 28 days beginning with the day on which the notice mentioned in section 145 is given, plus

(b)any period by which that period is extended under subsection (3).]

(3)During a moratorium the regulator may extend it (or further extend it) for a specified period, with the consent of each secured creditor of the registered provider whom the regulator is able to locate after making reasonable enquiries.

(4)If the regulator extends a moratorium it shall notify—

(a)the registered provider, [F5and]

(b)any liquidator, administrator, administrative receiver or receiver appointed in respect of the registered provider or its land, F6...

F7(c). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

[F8(4A)If the regulator extends a moratorium in respect of a private registered provider who owns land in Greater London, the regulator shall also notify the Greater London Authority.]

(5)During a moratorium the regulator may cancel it if satisfied that it is unnecessary to make proposals under section 152.

F9(6). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(7)When a moratorium ends the regulator shall give notice, and (except in the case of cancellation) an explanation of section 147, to—

(a)the registered provider, and

(b)such of its secured creditors as the regulator is able to locate after making reasonable enquiries.

[F10(7A)The regulator shall also notify the HCA as follows—

(a)if it extends a moratorium, and

(b)when a moratorium ends.]

F11(8). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

[F12(8A)When a moratorium in respect of a private registered provider who owns land in Greater London ends, the regulator shall also give notice to the Greater London Authority.]

[F13(9)If a notice mentioned in section 145 is given during a moratorium, that does not—

(a)start a new moratorium, or

(b)alter the existing moratorium's duration.]

147Further moratoriumE+W

(1)This section applies if—

(a)a moratorium in respect of a [F14private registered provider] ends otherwise than by cancellation, and

(b)a further [F15notice mentioned in section 145 is given] in relation to the provider within the period of 3 years beginning with the end of the moratorium.

(2)The further [F16notice] does not automatically trigger a further moratorium.

(3)But the regulator may impose a further moratorium for a specified period, if each secured creditor of the registered provider whom the regulator is able to locate after making reasonable enquiries consents.

(4)If the regulator imposes a new moratorium it shall notify—

[F17(za)the HCA,]

(a)the registered provider,[F18and]

(b)any liquidator, administrator, administrative receiver or receiver appointed in respect of the registered provider or any of its land, F19...

F20(c). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

[F21(4A)If the regulator imposes a new moratorium in respect of a private registered provider who owns land in Greater London, the regulator shall also notify the Greater London Authority.]

(5)This group of sections applies to a further moratorium as to a first moratorium (except for section 146(2)).

148Effect of moratoriumE+W

(1)During a moratorium [F22neither] the HCA [F23, nor the Greater London Authority, may]—

(a)F24... give the registered provider a direction under section 32(4), [F25or]

(b)F26... take steps to enforce such a direction against the registered provider.

(2)During a moratorium a disposal of the registered provider's land requires the regulator's prior consent.

(3)Section 149 sets out exceptions to subsection (2).

(4)Consent—

(a)may be given before the moratorium begins, and

(b)may be subject to conditions.

(5)This section does not prevent a liquidator from disclaiming land as onerous property during a moratorium.

(6)In this section “land” includes a present or future interest in rent or other receipts arising from land.

149Exempted disposalsE+W

(1)The regulator's consent is not required under section 148 for the following exceptions.

(2)Exception 1 is a letting under—

(a)an assured tenancy, or

(b)an assured agricultural occupancy.

(3)Exception 2 is a letting under what would be an assured tenancy or an assured agricultural occupancy but for any of paragraphs 4 to 8, 12(1)(h) and 12ZA to 12B of Schedule 1 to the Housing Act 1988 (c. 50) (tenancies which cannot be assured tenancies).

(4)Exception 3 is a letting under a secure tenancy.

(5)Exception 4 is a letting under what would be a secure tenancy but for any of paragraphs 2 to 12 of Schedule 1 to the Housing Act 1985 (c. 68) (tenancies which are not secure tenancies).

F27(6). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(7)Exception [F285] is a disposal under Part V of the Housing Act 1985 (right to buy).

(8)Exception [F296] is a disposal under the right conferred by—

(a)section 180, F30...

F30(b). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

[F31(9)Exception 7 is a letting under an occupation contract (within the meaning of section 7 of the Renting Homes (Wales) Act 2016 (anaw 1)) in respect of a dwelling in Wales.]

150Disposals without consentE+W

(1)A purported disposal by a registered provider is void if—

(a)it requires the regulator's consent under section 148, and

(b)the regulator has not given consent.

(2)But subsection (1) does not apply to a disposal by a non-profit registered provider to one or more individuals (“the buyer”) if—

(a)the disposal is of a single dwelling, and

(b)the registered provider reasonably believes at the time of the disposal that the buyer intends to use the property as the buyer's principal residence.

151Interim managerE+W

(1)During a moratorium the regulator may appoint an interim manager of the registered provider.

(2)An appointment may relate to the registered provider's affairs generally or to affairs specified in the appointment.

(3)Appointment shall be on terms and conditions (including as to remuneration) specified in, or determined in accordance with, the appointment.

(4)An appointment under this section shall come to an end with the earliest of the following—

(a)the end of the moratorium,

(b)the agreement of proposals under section 152, or

(c)a date specified in the appointment.

(5)An interim manager shall have—

(a)any power specified in the appointment, and

(b)any other power in relation to the registered provider's affairs required by the manager for the purposes specified in the appointment (including the power to enter into agreements and take other action on behalf of the registered provider).

(6)But an interim manager may not—

(a)dispose of land, or

(b)grant security over land.

152ProposalsE+W

(1)During a moratorium the regulator may make proposals about the future ownership and management of the registered provider's land, with a view to ensuring that the property will be properly managed by a registered provider.

(2)In making proposals the regulator shall—

(a)have regard to the interests of the registered provider's creditors as a whole, and

(b)so far as is reasonably practicable avoid worsening the position of unsecured creditors.

(3)Proposals may provide for the appointment of a manager in accordance with section 155 to implement all or part of the proposals.

(4)Proposals may not include anything which would result in—

(a)a preferential debt being paid otherwise than in priority to a non-preferential debt, F32...

[F33(aa)an ordinary preferential debt being paid otherwise than in priority to a secondary preferential debt,]

(b)a preferential creditor (PC1) being paid a smaller proportion of [F34an ordinary preferential debt] than another preferential creditor (PC2) (unless PC1 consents) F35...

[F36(c)a preferential creditor (PC1) being paid a smaller proportion of a secondary preferential debt than another preferential creditor (PC2) (unless PC2 consents)] [F37or]

[F37(d)if the registered provider is a relevant financial institution—

(i)an ordinary non-preferential debt being paid otherwise than in priority to a secondary non-preferential debt,

(ii)a secondary non-preferential debt being paid otherwise than in priority to a tertiary non-preferential debt, or

(iii)a secondary non-preferential creditor (Creditor 1) being paid a smaller proportion of a secondary non-preferential debt than another secondary non-preferential creditor (Creditor 2) (unless Creditor 1 consents).]

(5)Proposals relating to a registered provider which is a charity (C1)—

(a)may not require it to act outside the terms of its trusts, and

(b)may provide for the disposal of accommodation only to another charity whose objects the regulator thinks are similar to those of C1.

153Proposals: procedureE+W

(1)Before making proposals the regulator shall consult—

(a)the registered provider,

(b)its tenants (so far as is reasonably practicable) [F38or its contract-holders (so far as is reasonably practicable),]

(c)if the registered provider is [F39a registered society], the [F40Financial Conduct Authority], and

(d)if the registered provider is a registered charity, the Charity Commission.

(2)The regulator shall send a copy of proposals to—

(a)the registered provider and its officers,

(b)such of its secured creditors as the regulator is able to locate after making reasonable enquiries, and

(c)any liquidator, administrator, administrative receiver or receiver appointed in respect of the registered provider or any of its land.

(3)The regulator shall also make arrangements for bringing proposals to the attention of—

(a)the registered provider's members,

(b)its tenants [F41or contract-holders] and

(c)its unsecured creditors.

(4)If each secured creditor to whom proposals were sent agrees to the proposals by notice to the regulator, the proposals have effect.

(5)Proposals may be agreed with modifications if—

(a)each secured creditor to whom the proposals were sent consents by notice to the regulator, and

(b)the regulator consents.

(6)The regulator shall send a copy of agreed proposals to—

(a)the registered provider and its officers,

(b)its secured creditors to whom the original proposals were sent,

(c)any liquidator, administrator, administrative receiver or receiver appointed in respect of the registered provider or any of its land,

(d)if the registered provider is [F39a registered society], the [F42Financial Conduct Authority], and

(e)if the registered provider is a registered charity, the Charity Commission.

(7)The regulator shall also make arrangements for bringing agreed proposals to the attention of—

(a)the registered provider's members,

(b)its tenants [F43or contract-holders] and

(c)its unsecured creditors.

(8)Proposals may be amended by agreement between the secured creditors to whom the original proposals were sent and the regulator; and this section and section 152 apply to an amendment as to the original proposals.

154Proposals: effectE+W

(1)The following are obliged to implement agreed proposals—

(a)the regulator,

(b)the registered provider,

(c)its creditors, and

(d)any liquidator, administrator, administrative receiver or receiver appointed in respect of the registered provider or any of its land.

(2)The following shall co-operate with implementation of agreed proposals—

(a)in the case of a charitable trust, its trustees,

[F44(aa)in the case of a charitable incorporated organisation, its charity trustees (as defined by section 177 of the Charities Act 2011),]

(b)in the case of [F39a registered society], its committee members, and

(c)in the case of a registered company, its directors.

(3)Subsection (2) does not require or permit a breach of a fiduciary or other duty.

155Manager: appointmentE+W

(1)This section applies where agreed proposals provide for the appointment of a manager.

(2)The proposals must provide for the manager to be paid reasonable remuneration and expenses.

(3)The regulator shall appoint a manager.

(4)The regulator may give the manager directions (general or specific).

(5)The manager may apply to the High Court for directions (and directions of the regulator are subject to directions of the High Court).

(6)If the registered provider is a charity, the regulator must notify the Charity Commission that a manager has been appointed.

(7)The regulator may appoint a new manager in place of a person who ceases to be manager (in accordance with terms of appointment specified in the proposals or determined by the regulator).

156Manager: powersE+W

(1)A manager—

(a)may do anything necessary for the purpose of the appointment,

(b)acts as the registered provider's agent (and is not personally liable on a contract), and

(c)has ostensible authority to act for the registered provider (so that a person dealing with the manager in good faith and for value need not inquire into the manager's powers).

(2)In particular, the terms of a manager's appointment may confer power—

(a)to sell or otherwise dispose of land by public auction or private contract;

(b)to raise or borrow money;

(c)to grant security over land;

(d)to grant or accept surrender of a lease;

(e)to take a lease;

(f)to take possession of property;

(g)to appoint a solicitor, accountant or other professional to assist the manager;

(h)to appoint agents and staff (and to dismiss them);

(i)to make payments;

(j)to bring or defend legal proceedings;

(k)to refer a question to arbitration;

(l)to make any arrangement or compromise;

(m)to carry on the business of the registered provider;

(n)to carry out works and do other things in connection with the management or transfer of land;

(o)to take out insurance;

(p)to use the registered body's seal;

(q)to execute in the name and on behalf of the registered provider any deed, receipt or other document;

(r)to do anything incidental to a power in paragraphs (a) to (q).

(3)A manager shall so far as is reasonably practicable consult and inform the registered provider's tenants about an exercise of powers likely to affect them.

157Manager of [F45registered society]: extra powersE+W

(1)This section applies to a manager appointed to implement proposals relating to [F39a registered society].

(2)The appointment may confer on the manager power to make and execute on behalf of the society—

(a)an instrument providing for the amalgamation of the society with another [F45registered society], or

(b)an instrument transferring its engagements.

(3)An instrument providing for the amalgamation of a society (“S1”) with another has the same effect as a resolution by S1 under [F46section 109 of the Co-operative and Community Benefit Societies Act 2014] (amalgamation of societies by special resolution).

(4)An instrument transferring engagements has the same effect as a transfer of engagements under [F47section 110 or 112 of the Co-operative and Community Benefit Societies Act 2014] (transfer by special resolution to another society or company).

(5)A copy of the instrument shall be sent to and registered by the [F48Financial Conduct Authority].

(6)An instrument does not take effect until the copy is registered.

(7)The copy must be sent for registration during the period of 14 days beginning with the date of execution; but a copy registered after that period is valid.

158Assistance by regulatorE+W

(1)The regulator may give financial or other assistance to [F49the registered provider] for the purpose of preserving its position pending the agreement of proposals.

(2)The regulator may give financial or other assistance to [F50the registered provider], or a manager appointed under section 155, to facilitate the implementation of agreed proposals.

(3)In particular, the regulator may—

(a)lend staff;

(b)arrange payment of the manager's remuneration and expenses.

(4)The regulator may do the following only with the Secretary of State's consent—

(a)make grants,

(b)make loans,

(c)indemnify a manager,

(d)make payments in connection with secured loans, and

(e)guarantee payments in connection with secured loans.

159Applications to courtE+W

(1)[F51A private registered provider] may apply to the High Court where the registered provider thinks that action taken by a manager is not in accordance with the agreed proposals.

(2)A creditor of [F52a private registered provider] may apply to the High Court where the creditor thinks that action taken by a manager is not in accordance with the agreed proposals.

(3)The High Court may—

(a)confirm, annul or modify an act of the manager;

(b)give the manager directions;

(c)make any other order.

(4)If a person bound by agreed proposals (P1) thinks that action by another person (P2) breaches section 154, P1 may apply to the High Court.

(5)The High Court may—

(a)confirm, annul or modify the action;

(b)grant relief by way of injunction, damages or otherwise.