Corporation Tax Act 2009

Chapter 2U.K.Income taxed as trade profits

Charge to tax on trade profitsU.K.

35Charge to tax on trade profitsU.K.

The charge to corporation tax on income applies to the profits of a trade.

Trades and trade profitsU.K.

36Farming and market gardeningU.K.

(1)Farming or market gardening in the United Kingdom is treated for corporation tax purposes as the carrying on of a trade or part of a trade (whether or not the land is managed on a commercial basis and with a view to the realisation of profits).

(2)All farming in the United Kingdom carried on by a company, other than farming carried on as part of another trade, is treated for corporation tax purposes as one trade.

(3)This section does not apply to farming or market gardening by an insurance company on land which is an asset [F1held by the company for the purposes of its long-term business].

(4)In the case of farming carried on by a company as a member of a firm, this rule is explained by section 1270(1).

37Commercial occupation of woodlandsU.K.

(1)The commercial occupation of woodlands in the United Kingdom is not a trade or part of a trade for any corporation tax purpose.

(2)For this purpose the occupation of woodlands is commercial if the woodlands are managed—

(a)on a commercial basis, and

(b)with a view to the realisation of profits.

(3)See also sections 208 and 980 (which, when read with this section, secure that profits or losses from the commercial occupation of woodlands in the United Kingdom are ignored for corporation tax purposes).

38Commercial occupation of land other than woodlandsU.K.

(1)The commercial occupation of land in the United Kingdom is treated for corporation tax purposes as the carrying on of a trade or part of a trade.

(2)For this purpose the occupation of land is commercial if the land is managed—

(a)on a commercial basis, and

(b)with a view to the realisation of profits.

(3)This section does not apply—

(a)to farming or market gardening (which is dealt with by section 36),

(b)if the land is being prepared for forestry purposes,

(c)if the land comprises woodlands (which is dealt with by section 37), or

(d)to the occupation by an insurance company of land which is an asset [F2held by the company for the purposes of its long-term business].

39Profits of mines, quarries and other concernsU.K.

(1)Profits or losses arising out of land in the case of a concern to which this section applies are calculated as if the concern were a trade.

(2)Any profits arising out of the land are treated for the purposes of [F3section] 35 as profits of a trade.

(3)Any losses arising out of the land are treated for the purposes of [F4Chapter 2 of Part 4 of CTA 2010 (trade loss relief), and Part 5 of that Act (group relief),] as losses of a trade carried on in the United Kingdom.

(4)The concerns to which this section applies are—

(a)mines and quarries (including gravel pits, sand pits and brickfields),

(b)ironworks, gasworks, salt springs or works, alum mines or works, waterworks and streams of water,

(c)canals, inland navigation, docks and drains or levels,

(d)rights of fishing,

(e)rights of markets and fairs, tolls, bridges and ferries,

(f)railways and other kinds of way, and

(g)a concern of the same kind as one specified in paragraph (b), (c), (d) or (e).

(5)But this section does not apply to a concern—

(a)if it is carried on by an insurance company on land which is an asset [F5held by the company for the purposes of its long-term business], or

(b)if section 38 (commercial occupation of land other than woodlands) applies to the occupation of the land out of which the profits or losses arise.

40Credit unionsU.K.

(1)If a credit union—

(a)makes loans to its members, or

(b)invests its surplus funds (by placing them on deposit or otherwise),

that is not treated, in calculating the credit union's income, as the carrying on of a trade or part of a trade.

(2)In this section “surplus funds” means funds not immediately required for the credit union's purposes.

Starting and ceasing to tradeU.K.

41Effect of company starting or ceasing to be within charge to corporation taxU.K.

(1)This section applies if a company starts or ceases to be within the charge to corporation tax in respect of a trade.

(2)The company is treated for the purposes of this Part—

(a)as starting to carry on the trade when it starts to be within the charge, or

(b)as ceasing to carry on the trade when it ceases to be within the charge.

Trading income and property incomeU.K.

42Tied premisesU.K.

(1)This section applies if —

(a)in the course of carrying on a trade a company (“the trader”) supplies, or is concerned in the supply of, goods sold or used on premises occupied by another person,

(b)the trader has an estate or interest in the premises,

(c)the estate or interest is dealt with as property employed for the purposes of the trade, and

(d)receipts and expenses in connection with the premises would otherwise be brought into account in calculating the profits of a property business of the trader.

(2)Both the receipts and the expenses are instead brought into account in calculating the profits of the trade.

(3)Any apportionment of receipts or expenses that is necessary because—

(a)the receipts or expenses do not relate only to the premises, or

(b)the above conditions are met only in relation to part of the premises,

is to be made on a just and reasonable basis.

43Caravan sites where trade carried onU.K.

(1)This section applies if—

(a)a company (“the trader”) carries on material activities connected with the operation of a caravan site,

(b)the activities are, or are part of, a trade, and

(c)receipts from, and expenses of, lettings of caravans or pitches for caravans on the site would otherwise be brought into account in calculating the profits of a property business of the trader.

(2)The trader may instead bring both the receipts and the expenses into account in calculating the profits of the trade.

(3)But if the conditions in subsection (1)(a) and (b) are met for only part of an accounting period of the trader, subsection (2) applies only to the receipts and expenses that would otherwise be brought into account in calculating the profits of the property business for that part of the accounting period.

(4)In this section—

• “caravan site” means—

  (a)

  land on which a caravan is stationed for the purposes of human habitation, and

  (b)

  land which is used in conjunction with land on which a caravan is so stationed, and

• “letting” includes a licence to occupy.

44Surplus business accommodationU.K.

(1)This section applies if—

(a)a company (“the trader”) carrying on a trade obtains receipts from a letting of business accommodation that is temporarily surplus to requirements (see subsections (3) and (4)),

(b)the accommodation is not held as trading stock,

(c)the receipts are in respect of part of a building of which another part is used to carry on the trade,

(d)the receipts are relatively small, and

(e)the receipts, and the expenses of the letting, would otherwise be brought into account in calculating the profits of a property business of the trader.

(2)The trader may instead bring both the receipts and the expenses into account in calculating the profits of the trade.

(3)Accommodation is temporarily surplus to requirements only if—

(a)it has been used within the last 3 years to carry on the trade or acquired within the last 3 years,

(b)the trader intends to use it to carry on the trade at a later date, and

(c)the letting is for a term of not more than 3 years.

(4)If accommodation is temporarily surplus to requirements at the beginning of an accounting period, it continues to be temporarily surplus to requirements until the end of that period.

(5)If under this section any of the receipts from and expenses of a letting are brought into account in calculating the profits of the trade, all subsequent receipts from and expenses of the letting must be dealt with in the same way (but only so long as this section continues to apply).

(6)In this section “letting” includes a licence to occupy.

45Payments for wayleavesU.K.

(1)This section applies if—

(a)a company (“the trader”) carries on a trade on some or all of the land to which a wayleave relates,

(b)rent is receivable, or expenses are incurred, by the trader in respect of the wayleave, and

(c)apart from any rent or expenses in respect of a wayleave, no other receipts or expenses in respect of any of the land are brought into account in calculating the profits of any property business of the trader.

(2)If—

(a)the trader would otherwise be liable to tax under Chapter 8 of Part 4 in respect of the rent for the wayleave (rent receivable for UK electric-line wayleaves), or

(b)expenses incurred by the trader in respect of the wayleave would otherwise be brought into account in calculating profits charged under that Chapter,

the trader may instead bring both the rent and the expenses into account in calculating the profits of the trade.

(3)If—

(a)rent for the wayleave would otherwise be brought into account in calculating the profits of a property business of the trader, or

(b)expenses incurred by the trader in respect of the wayleave would otherwise be so brought into account,

the trader may instead bring both the rent and the expenses into account in calculating the profits of the trade.

(4)In this section “rent” includes—

(a)a receipt mentioned in section 207(3), and

(b)any other receipt in the nature of rent.

(5)In this section “wayleave” means an easement, servitude or right in or over land which is enjoyed in connection with—

(a)an electric, telegraph or telephone wire or cable,

(b)a pipe for the conveyance of any thing, or

(c)any apparatus used in connection with such a pipe.

(6)The reference to the enjoyment of an easement, servitude or right in connection with an electric, telegraph or telephone wire or cable includes (in particular) its enjoyment in connection with—

(a)a pole or pylon supporting such a wire or cable, or

(b)apparatus used in connection with such a wire or cable.