Article 1U.K.

The co-ordination measures prescribed by this Directive shall apply to the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the following types of company:

• In Germany:

  die Aktiengesellschaft, die Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien, die Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung;

• In Belgium:

  de naamloze vennootschap,	la société anonyme,
  de commanditaire vennootschap op aandelen,	la société en commandite par actions,
  de personenvennootschap met beperkte aansprakelijkheid;	la société de personnes à responsabilité limitée;

• [F1In France:

  la société anonyme, la société en commandite par actions, la société à responsabilité limitée, la société par actions simplifiée;]

• In Italy:

  società per azioni, società in accomandita per azioni, società a responsabilità limitata;

• In Luxembourg:

  la société anonyme, la société en commandite par actions, la société à responsabilité limitée;

• [F1In the Netherlands:

  de naamloze vennootschap, de besloten vennootschap met beperkte aansprakelijkheid;]

• [F2In the United Kingdom:

  Companies incorporated with limited liability;

• In Ireland:

  Companies incorporated with limited liability;

• [F1In Denmark:

  aktieselskab, kommanditaktieselskab, anpartsselskab;] ]

• [F3In Greece:

  ανώνυμη εταιρία, εταιρία περιωρισμένης ευθύνης, ετερόρρυθμη κατά μετοχές εταιρία;]

• [F4In Spain:

  la sociedad anónima, la sociedad comanditaria por acciones, la sociedad de responsabilidad limitada;

• In Portugal:

  a sociedade anónima de responsabilidade limitada, a sociedade em comandita por acções, a sociedade por quotas de responsabilidade limitada;]

• [F5 [F6In Austria:

  die Aktiengesellschaft, die Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung;

• [F1In Finland:

  yksityinen osakeyhtiö privat aktiebolag , julkinen osakeyhtiö publikt aktiebolag ;]

• In Sweden:

  aktiebolag [F7;] ] ]

• [F8In the Czech Republic:

  společnost s ručením omezeným, akciová společnost ;

• In Estonia:

  aktsiaselts, osaühing ;

• In Cyprus:

  Δημόσιες εταιρείες περιορισμένης ευθύνης με μετοχές ή με εγγύηση, ιδιωτικές εταιρείες περιορισμένης ευθύνης με μετοχές ή με εγγύηση ;

• In Latvia:

  akciju sabiedrība, sabiedrība ar ierobežotu atbildību, komanditsabiedrība ;

• In Lithuania:

  akcinė bendrovė, uždaroji akcinė bendrovė ;

• In Hungary:

  részvénytársaság, korlátolt felelősségű társaság ;

• In Malta:

  kumpanija pubblika / public limited liability company , kumpanija privata / private limited liability company ;

• In Poland:

  spółka z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością, spółka komandytowo-akcyjna, spółka akcyjna ;

• In Slovenia:

  delniška družba, družba z omejeno odgovornostjo, komaditna delniška družba ;

• In Slovakia:

  akciová spoločnosť, spoločnosť s ručením obmedzeným [F9;] ]

• [F10In Bulgaria:

  акционерно дружество, дружество с ограничена отговорност, командитно дружество с акции ;

• In Romania:

  societate pe acțiuni, societate cu răspundere limitată, societate în comandită pe acțiuni .]

SECTION IU.K.Disclosure

Article 2U.K.

1.Member States shall take the measures required to ensure compulsory disclosure by companies of at least the following documents and particulars:

(a)The instrument of constitution, and the statutes if they are contained in a separate instrument;

(b)Any amendments to the instruments mentioned in (a), including any extension of the duration of the company;

(c)After every amendment of the instrument of constitution or of the statutes, the complete text of the instrument or statutes as amended to date;

(d)The appointment, termination of office and particulars of the persons who either as a body constituted pursuant to law or as members of any such body:

It must appear from the disclosure whether the persons authorised to represent the company may do so alone or must act jointly;

(e)At least once a year, the amount of the capital subscribed, where the instrument of constitution or the statutes mention an authorised capital, unless any increase in the capital subscribed necessitates an amendment of the statutes;

[F1(f) The accounting documents for each financial year, which are required to be published in accordance with Council Directives 78/660/EEC (4) , 83/349/EEC (5) , 86/635/EEC (6) and 91/674/EEC (7) ;]

(g)Any transfer of the seat of the company;

(h)The winding up of the company;

(i)Any declaration of nullity of the company by the courts;

(j)The appointment of liquidators, particulars concerning them, and their respective powers, unless such powers are expressly and exclusively derived from law or from the statutes of the company;

(k)The termination of the liquidation and, in Member States where striking off the register entails legal consequences, the fact of any such striking off.

F112.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

[F1Article 3 U.K.

1. In each Member State, a file shall be opened in a central register, commercial register or companies register, for each of the companies registered therein.

2. All documents and particulars which must be disclosed pursuant to Article 2 shall be kept in the file, or entered in the register; the subject matter of the entries in the register must in every case appear in the file.

Member States shall ensure that, by 1 January 2007, the filing by companies, as well as by other persons and bodies required to make or assist in making notifications, of all documents and particulars which must be disclosed pursuant to Article 2 will be possible by electronic means. In addition, Member States may require all, or certain categories of, companies to file all, or certain types of, such documents and particulars by electronic means.

All documents and particulars referred to in Article 2 which are filed as from 1 January 2007 at the latest, whether by paper means or by electronic means, must be kept in the file, or entered in the register, in electronic form. To this end, Member States shall ensure that all such documents and particulars which are filed by paper means as from 1 January 2007 at the latest are converted by the register to electronic form.

The documents and particulars referred to in Article 2 that have been filed by paper means up to 31 December 2006 shall not be required to be converted automatically into electronic form by the register. Member States shall nevertheless ensure that they are converted into electronic form by the register upon receipt of an application for disclosure by electronic means submitted in accordance with the rules adopted to give effect to paragraph 3.

3. A copy of the whole or any part of the documents or particulars referred to in Article 2 must be obtainable on application. As from 1 January 2007 at the latest, applications may be submitted to the register by paper means or by electronic means as the applicant chooses.

As from a date to be chosen by each Member State, which shall be no later than 1 January 2007, copies as referred to in the first subparagraph must be obtainable from the register by paper means or by electronic means as the applicant chooses. This shall apply in the case of all documents and particulars, irrespective of whether they were filed before or after the chosen date. However, Member States may decide that all, or certain types of, documents and particulars filed by paper means on or before a date which may not be later than 31 December 2006 shall not be obtainable from the register by electronic means if a specified period has elapsed between the date of filing and the date of the application submitted to the register. Such specified period may not be less than 10 years.

The price of obtaining a copy of the whole or any part of the documents or particulars referred to in Article 2, whether by paper means or by electronic means, shall not exceed the administrative cost thereof.

Paper copies supplied shall be certified as ‘ true copies ’ , unless the applicant dispenses with such certification. Electronic copies supplied shall not be certified as ‘ true copies ’ , unless the applicant explicitly requests such a certification.

Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that certification of electronic copies guarantees both the authenticity of their origin and the integrity of their contents, by means at least of an advanced electronic signature within the meaning of Article 2(2) of Directive 1999/93/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 1999 on a Community framework for electronic signatures (8) .

4. Disclosure of the documents and particulars referred to in paragraph 2 shall be effected by publication in the national gazette appointed for that purpose by the Member State, either of the full text or of a partial text, or by means of a reference to the document which has been deposited in the file or entered in the register. The national gazette appointed for that purpose may be kept in electronic form.

Member States may decide to replace publication in the national gazette with equally effective means, which shall entail at least the use of a system whereby the information disclosed can be accessed in chronological order through a central electronic platform.

5. The documents and particulars may be relied on by the company as against third parties only after they have been disclosed in accordance with paragraph 4, unless the company proves that the third parties had knowledge thereof.

However, with regard to transactions taking place before the 16th day following the disclosure, the documents and particulars shall not be relied on as against third parties who prove that it was impossible for them to have had knowledge thereof.

6. Member States shall take the necessary measures to avoid any discrepancy between what is disclosed in accordance with paragraph 4 and what appears in the register or file.

However, in cases of discrepancy, the text disclosed in accordance with paragraph 4 may not be relied on as against third parties; such third parties may nevertheless rely thereon, unless the company proves that they had knowledge of the texts deposited in the file or entered in the register.

7. Third parties may, moreover, always rely on any documents and particulars in respect of which the disclosure formalities have not yet been completed, save where non-disclosure causes them not to have effect.

8. For the purposes of this Article, ‘ by electronic means ’ shall mean that the information is sent initially and received at its destination by means of electronic equipment for the processing (including digital compression) and storage of data, and entirely transmitted, conveyed and received in a manner to be determined by Member States by wire, by radio, by optical means or by other electromagnetic means.]

[F12Article 3a U.K.

1. Documents and particulars which must be disclosed pursuant to Article 2 shall be drawn up and filed in one of the languages permitted by the language rules applicable in the Member State in which the file referred to in Article 3(1) is opened.

2. In addition to the mandatory disclosure referred to in Article 3, Member States shall allow documents and particulars referred to in Article 2 to be disclosed voluntarily in accordance with Article 3 in any official language(s) of the Community.

Member States may prescribe that the translation of such documents and particulars be certified.

Member States shall take the necessary measures to facilitate access by third parties to the translations voluntarily disclosed.

3. In addition to the mandatory disclosure referred to in Article 3, and to the voluntary disclosure provided for under paragraph 2 of this Article, Member States may allow the documents and particulars concerned to be disclosed, in accordance with Article 3, in any other language(s).

Member States may stipulate that the translation of such documents and particulars be certified.

4. In cases of discrepancy between the documents and particulars disclosed in the official languages of the register and the translation voluntarily disclosed, the latter may not be relied upon as against third parties. Third parties may nevertheless rely on the translations voluntarily disclosed, unless the company proves that the third parties had knowledge of the version which was the subject of the mandatory disclosure.]

[F1Article 4 U.K.

Member States shall stipulate that letters and order forms, whether they are in paper form or use any other medium, shall state the following particulars:

Where, in these documents, mention is made of the capital of the company, the reference shall be to the capital subscribed and paid up.

Member States shall prescribe that company websites shall contain at least the particulars mentioned in the first paragraph and, if applicable, the reference to the capital subscribed and paid up.]

Article 5U.K.

Each Member State shall determine by which persons the disclosure formalities are to be carried out.

[F1Article 6 U.K.

Member States shall provide for appropriate penalties at least in the case of:

SECTION IIU.K.Validity of obligations entered into by a company

Article 7U.K.

If, before a company being formed has acquired legal personality, action has been carried out in its name and the company does not assume the obligations arising from such action, the persons who acted shall, without limit, be jointly and severally liable therefor, unless otherwise agreed.

Article 8U.K.

Completion of the formalities of disclosure of the particulars concerning the persons who, as an organ of the company, are authorised to represent it shall constitute a bar to any irregularity in their appointment being relied upon as against third parties unless the company proves that such third parties had knowledge thereof.

Article 9U.K.

1.Acts done by the organs of the company shall be binding upon it even if those acts are not within the objects of the company, unless such acts exceed the powers that the law confers or allows to be conferred on those organs.

However, Member States may provide that the company shall not be bound where such acts are outside the objects of the company, if it proves that the third party knew that the act was outside those objects or could not in view of the circumstances have been unaware of it; disclosure of the statutes shall not of itself be sufficient proof thereof.

2.The limits on the powers of the organs of the company, arising under the statutes or from a decision of the competent organs, may never be relied on as against third parties, even if they have been disclosed.

3.If the national law provides that authority to represent a company may, in derogation from the legal rules governing the subject, be conferred by the statutes on a single person or on several persons acting jointly, that law may provide that such a provision in the statutes may be relied on as against third parties on condition that it relates to the general power of representation; the question whether such a provision in the statutes can be relied on as against third parties shall be governed by Article 3.

SECTION IIIU.K.Nullity of the company

Article 10U.K.

In all Member States whose laws do not provide for preventive control, administrative or judicial, at the time of formation of a company, the instrument of constitution, the company statutes and any amendments to those documents shall be drawn up and certified in due legal form.

Article 11U.K.

The laws of the Member States may not provide for the nullity of companies otherwise than in accordance with the following provisions:

Article 12U.K.

1.The question whether a decision of nullity pronounced by a court of law may be relied on as against third parties shall be governed by Article 3. Where the national law entitles a third party to challenge the decision, he may do so only within six months of public notice of the decision of the court being given.

2.Nullity shall entail the winding up of the company, as may dissolution.

3.Nullity shall not of itself affect the validity of any commitments entered into by or with the company, without prejudice to the consequences of the company's being wound up.

4.The laws of each Member State may make provision for the consequences of nullity as between members of the company.

5.Holders of shares in the capital shall remain obliged to pay up the capital agreed to be subscribed by them but which has not been paid up, to the extent that commitments entered into with creditors so require.

SECTION IVU.K.General provisions

Article 13U.K.

Member States shall put into force, within eighteen months following notification of this Directive, all amendments to their laws, regulations or administrative provisions required in order to comply with provisions of this Directive and shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof.

The obligation of disclosure provided for in Article 2 (1) (f) shall not enter into force until thirty months after notification of this Directive in respect of naamloze vennootschappen under Netherlands law other than those referred to in the present Article 42 (c) of the Netherlands Commercial Code.

Member States may provide that initial disclosure of the full text of the statutes as amended since the formation of the company shall not be required until the statutes are next amended or until 31 December 1970, whichever shall be the earlier.

Member States shall ensure that they communicate to the Commission the text of the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive.

Article 14U.K.

This Directive is addressed to the Member States.