1Restriction of importation and exportation of certain animals and plants

(1)Subject to subsection (2) below, the importation and the exportation of the following things are hereby prohibited, namely—

(a)a live or dead animal of any of the kinds to which Schedule 1 to this Act for the time being applies;

(b)a live or dead plant of any of the kinds to which Schedule 2 to this Act for the time being applies;

(c)an item to which Schedule 3 to this Act for the time being applies.

(2)Subsection (1) above does not apply to the importation or exportation of anything under and in accordance with the terms of a licence issued by the Secretary of State.

(3)The Secretary of State shall submit any application for a licence under subsection (2) above to whichever one of the scientific authorities (as defined in section 2 below) he considers is the best able to advise him as to whether a licence should be issued in pursuance of the application and, if so, its terms; and, before he issues or declines to issue a licence in pursuance of the application, he shall allow the authority a reasonable time so to advise him.

(4)A licence issued under subsection (2) above—

(a)may be, to any degree, general or specific,

(b)may be modified or revoked at any time by the Secretary of State, and

(c)subject to paragraph (b) above, shall be valid for a period of 12 months commencing with the date the licence is issued or such shorter period as is stated in the licence.

(5)The Secretary of State may charge for the issue of a licence under subsection (2) above such sum (if any) as is for the time being prescribed by order of the Secretary of State.

(6)A person who, for the purpose of obtaining, whether for himself or another, the issue of a licence under subsection (2) above,—

(a)makes a statement or representation which he knows to be false in a material particular,

(b)furnishes a document or information which he knows to be false in a material particular,

(c)recklessly makes a statement or representation which is false in a material particular, or

(d)recklessly furnishes a document or information which is false in a material particular,

shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding £400 or on conviction on indictment to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or a fine, or both.

(7)Where a licence is issued under subsection (2) above and, for the purpose of obtaining its issue, a person commits an offence under subsection (6) above, the licence shall be void.

(8)Where—

(a)any live or dead animal or plant, or

(b)an item to which Schedule 3 to this Act for the time being applies,

is being imported or exported or has been imported or brought to any place for the purpose of being exported, a person commissioned by the Commissioners of Customs and Excise or a person authorised by them may require any person possessing or having control of the animal, plant or item to furnish proof that its importation or exportation is or was not unlawful by virtue of this section ; and if such proof is not furnished to the satisfaction of the said Commissioners the animal, plant or item shall be liable to forfeiture under the [1952 c. 44.] Customs and Excise Act 1952.

2Scientific authorities

(1)The Secretary of State may—

(a)establish any body or bodies, consisting in each case of such members as he may from time to time appoint;

(b)assign to any other body or bodies the duty referred to in subsection (4) below.

(2)Without prejudice to his power under subsection (1) above, the Secretary of State shall, as soon as practicable after this subsection comes into operation,—

(a)establish at least one body under paragraph (a) of subsection (1) above, or

(b)assign to at least one body, under paragraph (b) of that subsection, the duty referred to in subsection (4) below.

(3)A reference in this Act to a scientific authority is a reference to a body which is established under subsection (1) above or to which the duty there referred to is assigned under that subsection.

(4)It shall be the duty of a scientific authority to advise the Secretary of State on any question which he may refer to it, and on any question on which it considers it should offer its advice,—

(a)in connection with the administration of this Act;

(b)generally in connection with the importation and exportation of animals and plants of kinds which appear to him or, as the case may be, the authority to be, or to be likely to become, endangered as a result of international trade, and items derived wholly or partly from animals and plants of those kinds.

(5)In so far as it does not have power to do so apart from this subsection, any scientific authority may publish reports relating to the performance by it of its duty under subsection (4) above.

(6)Before appointing a person to be a member of a scientific authority established under subsection (1)(a) above, the Secretary of State shall consult such persons or bodies, or persons and bodies, as he thinks fit.

(7)The Secretary of State may, to such extent as may be approved by the Treasury, defray or contribute towards the expenses of any scientific authority established under subsection (1)(a) above; and any sums required by the Secretary of State for that purpose shall be paid out of money provided by Parliament.

3Power to modify Schedules

The Secretary of State may, after consulting any scientific authority or authorities, by order make such modifications in any of the Schedules to this Act as he considers necessary or desirable for any of the following purposes, namely—

(a)to give effect to any amendment to the Convention made in pursuance of its provisions ;

(b)to give effect to the inclusion of anything in or the withdrawal of anything from Appendix III to the Convention (kinds of animals and plants the trade in which a party identifies as needing international control) at the instance of any party to the Convention;

(c)to promote the conservation of animals or plants of any kind which appears to the Secretary of State to be, or to be likely to become, endangered as a result of international trade;

(d)to remove any restriction which is for the time being imposed by virtue of this Act on the importation and exportation of animals or plants of any particular kind or of any particular items and which does not in the opinion of the Secretary of State promote such conservation as is referred to in paragraph (c) above ;

(e)to facilitate the more effective or more convenient administration of any restriction which is for the time being imposed by virtue of this Act on the importation and exportation of animals or plants of any particular kind or of any particular items.

4Offence to sell etc. things imported contrary to section 1 or their derivatives

(1)Subject to subsection (2) below, a person who sells, offers or exposes for sale, has in his possession for the purpose of sale, or displays to the public,—

(a)anything which has been imported contrary to section 1 above, or

(b)anything which is made wholly or partly from anything referred to in paragraph (a) above and which at the time of the alleged offence (though not necessarily at the time of importation) constitutes an item to which Schedule 3 to this Act for the time being applies,

shall be guilty of an offence ; and in the following provisions of this section a " restricted article " means anything falling within paragraph (a) or (b) above.

(2)A person shall not be guilty of an offence under subsection (1) above with respect to a restricted article if he proves to the satisfaction of the court—

(a)that at the time when it first came into his possession he made such enquiries (if any) as in the circumstances were reasonable in order to ascertain whether it was a restricted article, and

(b)that, at the time the alleged offence was committed, he had no reason to believe that it was a restricted article.

(3)Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (2)(a) above, a person shall be taken to have made such enquiries as are there mentioned if he produces to the court a certificate which was furnished by the person from whom the accused obtained possession of the restricted article (the supplier), which was signed by the supplier or by a person authorised by him, and which states that—

(a)the supplier made enquiries at the time the restricted article came into his possession in order to ascertain whether it was a restricted article, and

(b)the supplier had no reason to believe at the time he relinquished possession of the restricted article to the accused that the article was at that time a restricted article.

(4)A person who furnishes for the purposes of subsection (3) above a certificate which he knows to be false in a material particular, or recklessly furnishes for those purposes a certificate which is false in a material particular, shall be guilty of an offence.

(5)A person guilty of an offence under subsection (1) or (4) above shall be liable—

(a)on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding £400 ;

(b)on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or a fine, or both.

(6)In this section any reference to sale includes references to barter and exchange.

(7)For the purposes of this section a restricted article is displayed to the public if it is displayed to the public generally or any section of it, and (in either case) whether in return for money or otherwise.

(8)For the purposes of any proceedings under section 45 or 304 of the [1952 c. 44.] Customs and Excise Act 1952 (penalties for improper importation and evasion of restriction on importation) for an offence in connection with the importation of anything contrary to section 1 above, this section shall not be taken expressly to provide a penalty for that offence.

5Power to restrict places at which live animals may be imported

(1)If it appears to the Secretary of State desirable to do so for the purpose of assisting the discovery of any importation contrary to section 1 above of any live animal of any of the kinds to which Schedule 1 to this Act for the time being applies, he may make an order under this section relating to any kind of animal.

(2)An order under this section may provide that (subject to such exceptions as may be specified in the order) it is prohibited to do such one or more of the following things as is (or are) specified in the order, that is to say—

(a)to import by sea any live animal of any kind to which the order is expressed to relate ;

(b)to import any such animal by sea unless it is imported at a port or one of the ports specified in the order in relation to animals of that kind ;

(c)to import any such animal by air;

(d)to import any such animal by air unless it is unloaded at an airport or one of the airports specified in the order in relation to animals of that kind ;

(e)to import any such animal by land ;

(f)to import any such animal by land unless it is brought across the boundary into Northern Ireland at a place or one of the places specified in the order in relation to animals of that kind.

(3)Any prohibition or restriction in any order under this section shall not apply to an animal which the Secretary of State authorises to be imported otherwise than in accordance with the order and which is imported in accordance with that authorisation.

(4)In subsection (2) above—

• " airport " means an aerodrome for the time being designated as a customs airport under section 15(5) of the Customs and Excise Act 1952 ;

• " port " means any area for the time being appointed and named under section 13(1) of that Act as a port for the purposes of customs and excise.

6Restriction of movement of certain live animals after importation

(1)Where a licence under section 1(2) above has been issued or applied for in respect of the importation of a live animal of any of the kinds to which Schedule 1 to this Act for the time being applies and, after consulting one or more of the scientific authorities, the Secretary of State considers that it is desirable to do so, he may give a direction under this section in relation to the animal.

(2)Where a direction has been given under this section in relation to an animal, and has not been revoked by the Secretary of State, the animal shall, immediately after the relevant event, be taken to and subsequently kept at the specified premises until such time as the Secretary of State may require or permit the animal to be moved to other specified premises or revoke the direction.

(3)Where a direction has been given under this section in relation to an animal, and has not been revoked by the Secretary of State, any person who knows or ought to know that a direction has been so given and who—

(a)knowingly takes the animal, or knowingly permits it to be taken, at any time after the relevant event to premises which he knows or ought to know are not at the time of the taking the specified premises ; or

(b)knowingly moves the animal, or knowingly permits it to be moved, at any time after the relevant event, the circumstances of the removal being that—

(i)it is made from premises which he knows or ought to know are at the time of the removal the specified premises, and

(ii)he knows or ought to know that the removal is made in the absence of, or otherwise than in accordance with any condition attached to, such a requirement or permission as is referred to in subsection (2) above; or

(c)knowingly keeps the animal at any time after the relevant event at premises which are occupied by him and which he knows or ought to know are not at the time of the keeping the specified premises,

shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding £400.

(4)In this section " relevant event" means, in relation to an animal, whichever of the following occurs later:—

(a)the completion by the animal of any period of detention (whether in quarantine or otherwise) in accordance with any provision made by or under any enactment, being detention connected with the importation in respect of which the direction concerned was given ;

(b)the departure of the animal from any premises connected with the importation in respect of which the direction concerned was given.

(5)In this section " specified premises " means, in relation to an animal, such premises as are for the time being (and in whatever manner) specified in relation to that animal by the Secretary of State for the purposes of this section.

(6)Proceedings for an offence under subsection (3) above may be brought within a period of six months from the date on which evidence sufficient in the opinion of the prosecutor to warrant the proceedings came to his knowledge; but no such proceedings shall be brought by virtue of this section more than three years after the commission of the offence.

(7)For the purposes of subsection (6) above—

(a)a certificate signed by or on behalf of the prosecutor and stating the date on which such evidence as aforesaid came to his knowledge shall be conclusive evidence of that fact; and

(b)a certificate stating that matter and purporting to be so signed shall be deemed to be so signed unless the contrary is proved.

(8)In the application of this Act to Scotland—

(a)subsections (6) and (7) above shall not apply;

(b)proceedings for an offence under subsection (3) above may be commenced at any time within six months after the date on which evidence sufficient in the opinion of the Lord Advocate to justify a prosecution comes to his knowledge, or where such evidence is reported to him by the Secretary of State within six months after the date on which it came to the knowledge of the Secretary of State; but no such proceedings shall be commenced by virtue of this section more than three years after the commission of the offence ;

(c)for the purposes of paragraph (b) above—

(i)a certificate purporting to be signed by or on behalf of the Lord Advocate or the Secretary of State, as the case ma; be, stating the date on which such evidence as aforesaid came to their knowledge shall be conclusive evidence of that fact; and

(ii)subsection (3) of section 331 of the [1975 c. 21.] Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1975 shall have effect as it has effect for the purposes of that section.

7Provisions supplementary to section 6

(1)Before he specifies any premises for the purposes of section 6 above or revokes a direction given under that section, the Secretary of State shall consult one or more of the scientific authorities.

(2)The Secretary of State shall not specify any premises for those purposes unless they are such that in his opinion the animal in relation to which he proposes to give, or has given, a direction under section 6 above may suitably be kept there.

(3)Any person duly authorised in writing by the Secretary of State may, at any reasonable time and (if required to do so) upon producing evidence that he is so authorised, enter any premises which are for the time being specified in relation to any animal for the purposes of section 6 above for one or both of the following purposes:—

(a)in order to enable the Secretary of State to decide whether the premises remain such that in his opinion the animal may suitably be kept there ;

(b)in order to ascertain whether the animal is being kept on the premises.

(4)Any person who wilfully obstructs a person acting under subsection (3) above shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding £400.

8Offences by corporations

Where an offence under this Act which has been committed by a body corporate is proved to have been committed with the consent or connivance of, or to be attributable to any neglect on the part of, a director, manager, secretary or other similar officer of the body corporate, or any person who was purporting to act in any such capacity, he, as well as the body corporate, shall be guilty of that offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly.

In this section " director ", in relation to a body corporate established by or under any enactment for the purpose of carrying on under public ownership any industry or part of an industry or undertaking, being a body corporate whose affairs are managed by its members, means a member of that body corporate.

9Extension to British possessions etc.

(1)Her Majesty may by Order in Council direct that all or any of the provisions of this Act shall extend, subject to such exceptions, adaptations and modifications, if any, as may be specified in the Order, to any of the following countries, namely—

(a)any colony other than one for whose external relations a country other than the United Kingdom is responsible;

(b)any country outside Her Majesty's dominions in which Her Majesty has jurisdiction in right of Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom.

(2)Without prejudice to section 37 of the [1889 c. 63.] Interpretation Act 1889 (which relates to the exercise of statutory powers between the passing and the commencement of an Act conferring them) an Order under subsection (1) above may be made so as to come into operation at any time before this Act comes into operation in the United Kingdom.

(3)An Order under this section may be varied or revoked by a subsequent Order thereunder.

10Financial provisions

(1)There shall be paid out of money provided by Parliament—

(a)the expenses of any government department in respect of the administration of this Act;

(b)any increase attributable to this Act in the sums so payable under any other Act.

(2)Any sums received by the Secretary of State under this Act shall be paid into the Consolidated Fund.

11Orders

(1)An order under any of the relevant provisions may be varied or revoked by a subsequent order under the provision concerned.

(2)The power conferred by each of the relevant provisions to make an order shall be exercisable by statutory instrument which shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.

(3)In this section " the relevant provisions " means sections 1(5), 3 and 5 above.

12Interpretation

(1)For the purposes of this Act an individual of the family Hominidae (man) is not an animal.

(2)In this Act a reference to a dead animal of any particular kind includes a reference to the body of an animal of that kind—

(a)which is frozen, dried or preserved by chemicals, or

(b)which, although not complete (whether because it has been eviscerated or because it has had the whole of its inside removed and has been stuffed, or for any other reason), is substantially complete and externally substantially resembles the complete body of an animal of the kind concerned.

(3)In this Act a reference to a dead plant of any particular kind includes a reference to a plant of that kind—

(a)which is frozen, dried or preserved by chemicals, or

(b)which, although for any reason not complete, is substantially complete and externally substantially resembles a complete dead plant of the kind concerned.

(4)In this Act " enactment" includes an enactment of the Parliament of Northern Ireland or of the Northern Ireland Assembly and an Order in Council having the same effect as such an enactment.

(5)Except in so far as the context otherwise requires, a reference in this Act to any other enactment is a reference to that enactment as amended, and includes a reference to it as extended or applied, by or under any other enactment, including this Act.

13Citation, commencement, repeals, extent, etc.

(1)This Act may be cited as the Endangered Species (Import and Export) Act 1976.

(2)In the application of this Act to Northern Ireland, for the references to the Secretary of State in sections 1(2), (3) and (4), 2(4), 5(3), 6 and 7 and for the first reference to him in section 1(5) there shall be substituted references to the Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland.

(3)Subject to subsection (4) below, this Act shall come into operation on such day as the Secretary of State may appoint by order made by statutory instrument; and different days may be appointed in pursuance of this subsection for different provisions of this Act and for such different purposes of the same provision as may be specified in the order.

(4)Any provision of this Act not previously brought into operation, or not previously brought into operation for a particular purpose, shall come into operation or, as the case may be, shall come into operation for that purpose on the expiry of the period of 6 months beginning with the day on which this Act is passed.

(5)The [1921 c. 16.] Importation of Plumage (Prohibition) Act 1921 and the [1964 c. 61.] Animals (Restriction of Importation) Act 1964 are hereby repealed.

(6)In section 7 of the [1954 c. 30.] Protection of Birds Act 1954 (restrictions on importation of certain wild birds and eggs) subsection (1) and paragraph (a) of subsection (2) are hereby repealed; and accordingly in paragraph (b) of subsection (2) for " such a licence as aforesaid " there shall be substituted " a licence granted under section ten of this Act " and the word " other " (wherever it occurs) is hereby repealed.

(7)This Act extends to Northern Ireland.

SCHEDULES

Sections 1, 3, 5 and 6.

SCHEDULE 1Animals the Importation and Exportation of which are restricted

This Schedule applies to the following kinds of animal, namely:—

PART I

MAMMALS

1All kinds of mammal except the kinds specified in the first column below—

BIRDS

2All kinds of bird except the kinds specified in the first column below—

REPTILES

3All kinds of reptile except the kinds specified in the first column below—

AMPHIBIANS

4All kinds of amphibian except the kinds specified in the first column below—

PART II

FISH

5The kinds of fish specified in the first column below—

INSECTS

6The kind of insect specified in the first column below—

MOLLUSCS

7The kinds of mollusc specified below—

NOTE: The second column of this Schedule gives a common name or names, where available, and is included by way of guidance only; in the event of any dispute or proceedings, only the first column is to be taken into account.

Sections 1 and 133.

SCHEDULE 2Plants the Importation and Exportation of Which are Restricted

This Schedule applies to the kinds of plant specified in the second column below—

Sections 1, 3 and 4.

SCHEDULE 3Items the Importation and Exportation of Which are Restricted

This Schedule applies to the following items, namely:—

1Whale meat and whale offals.

2Whalebone, if unworked or simply prepared, and hair and waste of whalebone.

3Whale fat and whale oil (other than sperm oil), whether or not refined or modified.

4Whalemeat extracts and whalemeat juices.

5Any tusk (if unworked or simply prepared) of any of the following animals, namely—

(a)any animal of the family Elephantidae (elephants);

(b)any animal of the family Suidae (pigs) ;

(c)any animal of the species Monodon monoceros (narwhal);

(d)any animal of the species Odobenus rosmarus (walrus);

and any part of any such tusk and powder and waste of any tusk of any of the animals referred to in sub-paragraphs (a) to (d) of this paragraph.

6The horn of any animal of the family Rhinocerotidae (rhinoceroses), if unworked or simply prepared, any part of any such horn and powder and waste of any horn of any such animal.

7Any tooth of any animal, if unworked or simply prepared, any part of any such tooth and powder and waste of any tooth of any animal.

8The stuffed head, or the skull together with the skin covering it, of any animal of any of the families Elephantidae (elephants) and Rhinocerotidae (rhinoceroses).

9(1)Any furskin of a defined animal, if raw, tanned or dressed.

(2)Tanned or dressed furskins of a defined animal or defined animals which are assembled in plates, rectangles, crosses, trapeziums or otherwise.

(3)Any piece or cutting (including the head, tail and any paw) of any furskin of a defined animal.

(4)Any rug, coverlet, coat, jacket, cape or stole made wholly or partly of any furskin of a defined animal (except where the furskin is trimming only).

(5)In this paragraph a defined animal means—

(a)any animal of any of the following genera, namely—

• Aonyx (clawless otters)

• Genetta (genets)

• Lutra (common otters)

• Paradoxurus (palm civets)

• Paraonyx (clawless otters)

• Viverra (civets);

(b)any animal of any of the following species, namely—

• Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah)

• Amblonyx cinerea (oriental small-clawed otter)

• Arctogalidia trivirgata (small toothed palm civet)

• Chrotogale owstoni (Owston's banded civet)

• Crocuta crocuta (spotted hyaena)

• Enhydra lutris (sea otter)

• Felis bengalensis (leopard cat)

• Felis colocolo (pampas cat)

• Felis geoffroyi (Geoffroy's cat)

• Felis guigna (kodkod)

• Felis jacobita (mountain cat)

• Felis marmorata (marbled cat)

• Felis nigripes (African black footed cat)

• Felis pardalis (ocelot)

• Felis planiceps (flat headed cat)

• Felis rubiginosa (rusty spotted cat)

• Felis serval (serval)

• Felis silvestris (European wild cat)

• Felis tigrina (little spotted cat)

• Felis viverrina (fishing cat)

• Felis wiedii (margay cat)

• Fossa fossa (Malagasy civet)

• Hemigalus derbyanus (banded palm civet)

• Hyaena brunnea (brown hyaena)

• Lutrogale perspicillata (smooth-coated otter)

• Mungos mungo (banded mongoose)

• Panthera nebulosa (clouded leopard)

• Panthera onca (jaguar)

• Panthera pardus (leopard)

• Panthera tigris (tiger)

• Panthera uncia (snow leopard)

• Poiana richardsoni (African linsang)

• Pteronura brasiliensis (giant otter)

• Ursus maritimus, otherwise known as Thalarctos maritimus (polar bear)

• Vicugna vicugna (vicugna)

• Viverricula indica (small Indian civet);

(c)any animal of the sub-species Felis lynx pardina (Spanish lynx).

10The skin and scales of any animal of the family Manidae (pangolins).

11Hair, whether or not carded or combed, of any animal of the species Vicugna vicugna (vicugna).

12Yarn made wholly or partly of hair of any animal of the species Vicugna vicugna (vicugna).

13Fabric made wholly or partly of hair of any animal of the species Vicugna vicugna (vicugna) and any coat or jacket made wholly or partly of any such fabric.

14Musk derived from any animal of the species Moschus moschiferus (musk deer).

15The whole or any part of any raw hide or skin, if fresh, salted, dried, pickled or limed and whether or not split, and the leather, of any animal of the class Reptilia (reptiles).

16The shell and scales, if unworked or simply prepared, the waste of the shell and scales, and the nippers, of any animal of the family Cheloniidae (sea turtles).

17The meat and cartilage, including callipee and callipash, of any animal of the family Cheloniidae (sea turtles).

18The whole shell of any animal of the species Papustyla pulcherrima, otherwise known as Papuina pulcherrima (green tree snail).

19(1)Plumage, that is to say, any feather or feathers, or any skin or any other part with any feather or feathers on it, of any bird or birds, other than excepted plumage.

(2)In sub-paragraph (1) above, excepted plumage means—

(a)plumage which is that only of a bird of any of the following species, namely—

• Chrysolophus pictus (golden pheasant)

• Gallus gallus (red junglefowl and domestic fowl)

• Phasianus colchicus (common pheasant, otherwise known as ring-necked pheasant)

• Struthio camelus (ostrich)

• Sturnus vulgaris (starling);

(b)plumage which is that only of a bird of any domestic form of any of the following species, namely—

• Anas platyrhynchos (domestic duck)

• Anser anser (domestic goose)

• Anser cygnoides (Chinese goose)

• Cairina moschata (Muscovy duck)

• Columba livia (domestic pigeon)

• Meleagris gallopavo (turkey)

• Numida meleagris (Guineafowl);

(c)plumage which consists only of the down feathers of any bird of the species Somateria mollissima (eider duck);

(d)plumage which consists only of the train feathers of any bird of the species Pavo cristatus (Indian peacock) ;

(e)plumage none of which falls outside paragraphs (a) to (d) above.

20Anything made wholly or partly of plumage (within the meaning of paragraph 19 above and subject to the exception there stated).

21Any egg, whether whole or blown, of any bird other than—

(a)a bird of any of the following species, namely—

• Alectoris chukar (chukar)

• Alectoris rufa (red-legged partridge)

• Coturnix japonica (Japanese quail)

• Gallus gallus (red junglefowl and domestic fowl)

• Perdix perdix (common partridge);

(b)a bird of any domestic form of any of the following species, namely—

• Anas platyrhynchos (domestic duck)

• Anser anser (domestic goose)

• Anser cygnoides (Chinese goose)

• Cairina moschata (Muscovy duck)

• Meleagris gallopavo (turkey)

• Numida meleagris (Guineafowl).

22The stem of any plant of any of the families Cyatheaceae and Dicksoniaceae (tree ferns).

NOTE: In this Schedule, any common name which appears in brackets after a scientific name is included by way of guidance only ; in the event of any dispute or proceedings, only the scientific name concerned is to be taken into account.