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The Water Supply (Water Quality) Regulations 2016

Status:

This is the original version (as it was originally made).

Regulation 2

SCHEDULE 1Prescribed concentrations and values

Table A

Microbiological parameters

Part I: Directive requirements

(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
ItemParametersConcentration or value (maximum)Units of measurementPoint of compliance
1.Enterococci0number/100mlConsumers’ taps
2.Escherichia coli0number/100mlConsumers’ taps
(E. coli)

Part II: National requirements

(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
ItemParametersConcentration or value (maximum)Units of measurementPoint of compliance
(*)

Compliance required as to 95% of samples from each service reservoir (regulation 4(6)).

1.Coliform bacteria0number/100mlService reservoirs(*) and water treatment works
2.Escherichia coli (E. coli)0number/100mlService reservoirs and water treatment works

Table B

Chemical parameters

Part I: Directive requirements

(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
ItemParametersConcentration or value (maximum)Units of measurementPoint of compliance
(i)

The parametric value refers to the residual monomer concentration in the water as calculated according to specifications of the maximum release from the corresponding polymer in contact with the water. This is controlled by product specification.

(ii)

See also regulation 4(2)(d).

(iii)

See the definition of “pesticides and related products” in regulation 2.

(iv)

The parametric value applies to each individual pesticide.

(v)

“Pesticides: total” means the sum of the concentrations of the individual pesticides detected and quantified in the monitoring procedure.

(vi)

The specified compounds are—

  • benzo(b)fluoranthen;

  • benzo(k)fluoranthene;

  • benzo(ghi)perylene;

  • indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene.

The parametric value applies to the sum of the concentrations of the individual compounds detected and quantified in the monitoring process.

(vii)

The parametric value applies to the sum of the concentrations of the individual compounds detected and quantified in the monitoring process.

(viii)

The specified compounds are—

  • chloroform;

  • bromoform;

  • dibromochloromethane;

  • bromodichloromethane

The parametric value applies to the sum of the concentrations of the individual compounds detected and quantified in the monitoring process.

1.Acrylamide0.10µg/1(i)
2.Antimony5.0µgSb/1Consumers’ taps
3.Arsenic10µgAs/1Consumers’ taps
4.Benzene1.0µg/1Consumers’ taps
5.Benzo(a)pyrene0.010µg/1Consumers’ taps
6.Boron1.0mgB/1Consumers’ taps
7.Bromate10µgBrO3/1Consumers’ taps
8.Cadmium5.0µgCd/1Consumers’ taps
9.Chromium50µgCr/1Consumers’ taps
10.Copper2.0mgCu/1Consumers’ taps
11.Cyanide50µgCN/1Consumers’ taps
12.1, 2 dichloroethane3.0µg/1Consumers’ taps
13.Epichlorohydrin0.10µg/1(i)
14.Fluoride1.5mgF/1Consumers’ taps
15.Lead10µgPb/1Consumers’ taps
16.Mercury1.0µgHg/1Consumers’ taps
17.Nickel20µgNi/1Consumers’ taps
18.Nitrate(ii)50mgNO3/1Consumers’ taps
19.Nitrite(ii)0.50mgNO2/1Consumers’ taps
0.10Treatment works
20.Pesticides(iii) (iv)0.030µg/1Consumers’ taps
Aldrin
Dieldrin0.030µg1Consumer’s taps
Heptachlor
Heptachlor epoxide
Other pesticides0.10μg/lConsumers’ taps
21.Pesticides: total(v)0.50µg/1Consumers’ taps
22.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(vi)0.10µg/1Consumers’ taps
23.Selenium10µgSe/1Consumers’ taps
24.Tetrachloroethene and Trichloroethene(vii)10μg/lConsumers’ taps
25.Trihalomethanes: Total(viii)100µg/1Consumers’ taps
26.Vinyl chloride0.50µg/1(i)

Part II: National requirements

(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
ItemParametersConcentration or value (maximum)Units of measurementPoint of compliance
1.Aluminium200µgA1/1Consumers’ taps
2.Colour20mg/1 Pt/CoConsumers’ taps
3.Iron200µgFe/1Consumers’ taps
4.Manganese50µgMn/1Consumers’ taps
5.OdourAcceptable to consumers and no abnormal changeConsumers’ taps
6.Sodium200mgNa/1Consumers’ taps
7.TasteAcceptable to consumers and no abnormal changeConsumers’ taps
8.Tetrachloromethane3µg/1Consumers’ taps
9.Turbidity4NTUConsumers’ taps

Regulation 2

SCHEDULE 2Indicator parameters

(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
ItemParametersSpecification concentration or value (maximum unless otherwise stated) or stateUnits of measurementPoint of compliance
(i)

The water should not be aggressive.

(ii)

Where treatment to reduce the level of radionuclides in water intended for human consumption has been taken, monitoring must be carried out to ensure the continued efficacy of the treatment.

(iii)

Remedial action may be taken by the Secretary of State on radiological protection grounds without further consideration and deemed to be justified where radon concentrates exceed 1,000 Bq/1.

(iv)

If tritium concentration exceeds its parametric value, an investigation (which may include analysis) of the presence of artificial radionuclides is required.

(*)

May be monitored from samples of water leaving treatment works or other supply point, as no significant change during distribution.

1.Ammonium0.50mgNH4/1Consumers’ taps
2.Chloride(i)250mgC1/Supply point(*)
3.Clostridium0Number/100mlSupply point(*)

Perfringens

(including spores)

4.Coliform bacteria0Number/100mlConsumers’ taps
5.Colony countsNo abnormal changeNumber/1ml at 22°CConsumers’ taps, service reservoirs and treatment works
6.Conductivity(i)2500μS/cm at 20°CSupply point(*)
7.Hydrogen ion

9.5 (maximum)

6.5 (minimum)

pH valueConsumers’ taps
8.Indicative dose(ii)0.10mSvSupply point(*)
(a) gross alpha0.1Bq/1Supply point(*)
(b) gross beta1Bq/1Supply point(*)
9.Radon(iii)100Bq/1Supply point
10.Sulphate(i)250mgSO4/lSupply point(*)
11.Total organic carbon (TOC)No abnormal changemgC/lSupply point
12.Tritium (for radioactivity)(iv)100Bq/lSupply point(*)
13.Turbidity1NTUTreatment works

Regulation 6

SCHEDULE 3Monitoring

Table 1

Parameters and circumstances for check monitoring

(1)(2)(3)
ItemParameterCircumstances
1.AluminiumWhen used as flocculant or where the water originates from, or is influenced by, surface waters
2.Ammonium
3.Clostridium perfringens (including spores)Where the water originates from, or is influenced by, surface waters
4.Coliform bacteria
5.Colony counts
6.Colour
7.Conductivity
8.Escherichia coli (E. coli)
9.Hydrogen ion
10.IronWhen used as flocculant or where the water originates from, or is influenced by, surface waters
11.ManganeseWhere the water originates from, or is influenced by, surface waters
12.NitrateWhen chloramination is practised
13.NitriteWhen chloramination is practised
14.Odour
15.Taste
16.Turbidity

Table 2

Annual sampling frequencies: water supply zones

Note: This table sets out the annual sampling frequencies for all the substances and parameters in column 1. These are determined for each water supply zone according to its estimated population (column 2). The number of samples is either the standard number in column 4 or the reduced number in column 3 (if one is given). Regulation 9 provides for the circumstances in which the reduced number of samples may be taken.

(1)(2)(3)(4)
Substances and parameters subject to monitoringEstimated population of water supply zoneReducedStandard
(i)

Where the population is not an exact multiple of 5,000, the population figure must be rounded up to the nearest multiple of 5,000.

(ii)

Sampling for these parameters may be within water supply zones or at supply points as specified in Table 3, subject to footnotes (iii) and (iv) below.

(iii)

Check monitoring in water supply zones is required only where chloramination is practised. In other circumstances audit monitoring is required.

(iv)

Audit monitoring in water supply zones is required only where sodium hypochlorite is added after water has left the treatment works. In other circumstances, audit monitoring is required at supply points.

(v)

To monitor for indicative dose.

(vi)

In the event that a single sample is taken in a year, a further sample should be taken if there is any change in relation to that supply that could affect the concentration of radionuclides in the water supply.

Subject to check monitoring
E. coli<1004
Coliform bacteria≥10012 per 5,000
Residual disinfectantPopulation(i)
Aluminium<10012
Ammonium100-4,99924
Clostridium perfringens5,000-9,999612
(including spores)10,000-29,9991224
Colony counts30,000-49,9991836
Colour50,000-79,9992652
Conductivity(ii)80,000-100,0003876
Hydrogen ion
Iron
Manganese
Nitrate(iii)
Nitrite
Odour
Taste
Turbidity
Subject to audit monitoring
Aluminium<1001
Antimony100-4,9994
Arsenic5,000-100,0008
Benzene(ii)
Benzo(a)pyrene
Boron(ii)
Bromate(iv)
Cadmium
Chromium
Clostridium perfringens
(including spores)
Copper
Cyanide(ii)
1,2 dichloroethane(ii)
Enterococci
Fluoride(ii)
Gross alpha(ii) (v) (vi)
Gross beta(ii) (v) (vi)
Iron
Lead
Manganese
Mercury(ii)
Nickel
Nitrate(iii)
Nitrite(iii)
Pesticides and related products(ii)
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Radon(ii) (vi)
Selenium
Sodium
Trichloroethene
Tetrachloroethene(ii)
Tetrachloromethane(ii)
Trihalomethanes
Chloride(ii)
Sulphate(ii)
Total organic carbon(ii)
Tritium(ii) (vi)

Table 3

Annual sampling frequencies: treatment works or supply points

Note 1: Sampling is at treatment works for the substances and parameters in column 2 of the Table (items (1) to (6)) and at supply points for the other substances and parameters, except nitrite, subject to footnotes (i) and (iv) to the Table below.

Note 2: This Table sets out the annual sampling frequencies for all the substances and parameters in column 2 at treatment works or supply points. The frequencies are determined according to the volume of water supplied at each treatment works or supply point (column 3). The number of samples is either the standard number in column 5 or the reduced number in column 4 (if one is given). Regulation 9 provides for the circumstances in which the reduced number of samples may be taken.

(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
ItemSubstances and parametersVolume of water supplied m3/dReducedStandard
(i)

Sampling is at treatment works when chloramination is practised.

(ii)

Check monitoring is required only in respect of surface waters (see regulation 6(2) and Table 1 in Schedule 3).

(iii)

Audit monitoring at supply points is required only where sodium hypochlorite is not added after water has left the treatment works. In other circumstances, audit monitoring is required in water supply zones.

(iv)

Sampling at treatment works when chloramination is not practised.

(v)

To monitor for indicative dose.

1.E. coli<20-4
2.Coliform bacteria20–1,9991252
3.Colony counts2,000–5,99952104
4.Nitrite(i)6,000–11,999104208
5.Residual disinfectant≥12,000104365
6.Turbidity
Subject to check monitoring
7.Clostridium perfringens(ii)<20-2
8.Conductivity20–99924
1,000–1,999612
2,000-5,9991224
6,000-9,9991836
10,000-15,9992652
16,000-32,99952104
33,000-49,99978156
50,000-67,999104208
68,000-84,999130260
85,000-101,999156312
102,000-119,999183365
120,000-241,999365730
242,000–484,9997301,460
485,000–728,9991,0952,190
Subject to audit monitoring
9.Benzene<201
10.Boron20–9994
11.Bromate(iii)1,000–49,9998
12.Clostridium50,000–89,99912
Perfringens (including spores)90,000–299,99924
13.Cyanide300,000–649,99936
14.1,2 dichloroethane≥650,00048
15.Fluoride
16.Indicative dose
17.Mercury
18.Nitrite(iv)
19.Pesticides and related products
20.Radon
21.Trichloroethene/
Tetrachloroethene
22.Tetrachloromethane
23.Chloride
24.Sulphate
25.Total organic carbon
26.Tritium
27.Gross alpha(v)
28.Gross beta(v)

Regulation 6

SCHEDULE 4Monitoring for indicative dose and analytical performance characteristics

Monitoring for compliance with the ID

1.—(1) A water undertaker may use various reliable screening strategies to indicate the presence of radioactivity in water intended for human consumption.

(2) These strategies may include screening for—

(a)certain radionuclides, or screening for an individual radionuclide,

(b)gross alpha activity or gross beta activity screening.

Screening for certain radionuclides or for an individual radionuclide

2.—(1) If one of the activity concentrations exceeds 20% of the corresponding derived value or the tritium concentration exceeds its parametric value listed in Schedule 2, an analysis of additional radionuclides is required.

(2) In deciding which radionuclides are required to be measured for each supply, a water undertaker must take into account all relevant information about likely sources of radioactivity.

Screening strategies for gross alpha activity and gross beta activity

3.—(1) A water undertaker may use a screening strategy for gross alpha and gross beta to monitor for the parametric indicator value for indicative dose.

(2) Subject to paragraph (3), the recommended screening values are—

(a)0.1Bq/l for gross alpha activity;

(b)1.0Bq/l for gross beta activity(3).

(3) If the gross alpha activity exceeds 0.1Bq/l or the gross beta activity exceeds 1.0Bq/l, analysis for specific radionuclides is required.

(4) The Secretary of State may set alternative screening levels for gross alpha activity and gross beta activity where it can be demonstrated by the water undertaker that the alternative levels are in compliance with an ID of 0.1 mSv.

(5) The radionuclides to be measured must be based on all relevant information about likely sources of radioactivity.

Calculation of the ID

4.—(1) The ID must be calculated from—

(a)the measured radionuclide concentrations and the dose coefficients laid down in Table A in Annex III to Council Directive 96/29/Euratom laying down basic safety standards for the protection of the health of workers and the general public against the dangers arising from ionising radiation(4), or

(b)more recent information recognised by the Secretary of State, on the basis of the annual intake of water (730 litres for adults).

(2) Where the following formula is satisfied, it can be assumed that the ID is less than the parametric value of 0.1 mSv and no further investigation is required—

where—

  • Ci(obs)” means observed concentration of radionuclide I;

  • Ci(der)” means derived concentration of radionuclide i;

  • n” means number of radionuclides detected.

Table 1

Derived concentrations for radioactivity in water intended for human consumption

This table includes values for the most common natural and artificial radionuclides: these are precise values, calculated for a dose of 0.1 mSy, an annual intake of 730 litres and using the dose coefficients laid down in Table A of Annex III to Council Directive 96/29/ Euratom. Derived concentrations for other radionuclides can be calculated on the same basis, and values can be updated on the basis of more recent information recognised by the Secretary of State

(1)(2)(3)
OriginNuclideDerived concentration
(i)

This Table allows only for the radiological properties of uranium, not for its chemical toxicity.

Natural:U-238(*)3.0 Bq/1
U-234(i)2.8 Bq/1
Ra-2260.5 Bq/1
Ra-2280.2 Bq/1
Pb-2100.2 Bq/1
Po-2100.1 Bq/1
Artificial:C-14240 Bq/1
Sr-904.9 Bq/1
Pu-239/Pu-2400.6 Bq/1
Am-2410.7 Bq/1
Co-6040 Bq/1
Cs-1347.2 Bq/1
Cs-13711 Bq/1
1-1316.2 Bq/1

Table 2

Performance characteristics and methods of analysis

For the following parameters and radionuclides, the method of analysis used must, as a minimum, be capable of measuring activity concentrations with a limit of detection specified below.

(1)(2)(3)
Parameters and radionuclidesLimit of detection (Notes 1, 2)Notes
Tritium10 Bq/1Note 3
Radon10 Bq/1Note 3
gross alpha activity0.04 Bq/1Note 4
gross beta activity0.4 Bq/1Note 4
U-2380.02 Bq/1
U-2340.02 Bq/1
Ra-2260.04 Bq/1
Ra-2280.02 Bq/1Note 5
Pb-2100.02 Bq/1
Po-2100.01 Bq/1
C-1420 Bq/1
Sr-900.4 Bq/1
Pu-239/Pu-2400.04 Bq/1
Am-2410.06 Bq/1
Co-600.5 Bq/1
Cs-1340.5 Bq/1
Cs-1370.5 Bq/1
I-1310.5 Bq/1

Note 1: The limit of detection must be calculated according to the ISO standard 11929: Determination of the characteristic limits (decision threshold, detection limit, and limits of confidence interval) for measurements of ionising radiation – Fundamentals and application, with probabilities of errors of 1st and 2nd kind of 0.05 each(1).

Note 2: Measurement uncertainties must be calculated and reported as complete standard uncertainties, or as expanded uncertainties with an expansion factor of 1.96 according the ISO Guide for the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement(2).

Note 3: The limit of detection for tritium and for radon is 10% of its parametric value of 100 Bq/1.

Note 4: The limit of detection for gross alpha activity and gross beta activities are 40% of the screening values of 0.1 and 1.0 Bq/1 respectively.

Note 5: This limit of detection applies only to initial screening for ID for a new water source; if initial checking indicates that it is not plausible that Ra-228 exceeds 20% of the derived concentration, the limit of detection may be increased to 0.08 Bq/1 for routine Ra-228 nuclide specific measurements, until a subsequent re-check is required.

Regulation 16

SCHEDULE 5Analytical methodology

Table A1

Parameters for which, subject to regulation 16(7), methods of analysis are prescribed

(1)(2)
ParameterMethod
Clostridium perfringens (including spores)Membrane filtration followed by anaerobic incubation of the membrane on m-CP agar* at 44 & 1°C for 21 & 3 hours. Count opaque yellow colonies that turn pink or red after exposure to ammonium hydroxide vapours for 20 to 30 seconds.
Coliform bacteriaISO 9308-1
Colony count 22°C-enumeration of culturable microorganismsPrEN ISO 6222
Colony count 37°C-enumeration of culturable microoganismsprEN ISO 6222
EnterococciISO 7899-2
Escherichia coli (E. coli)ISO 9308-1
*The composition of m-CP agar is:
Basal medium
Tryptose30.0g
Yeast extract20.0g
Sucrose5.0g
L-cysteine hydrochloride1.0g
MgSO4·7H2O0.1g
Bromocresol purple40.0mg
Agar15.0g
Water1,000.0ml
Dissolve the ingredients of the basal medium, adjust pH to 7.6 and autoclave at 121°C for 15 minutes. Allow the medium to cool and add:
D-cycloserine400.0mg
Polymyxine-B sulphate25.0mg
Indoxyl- μ -D-glucoside to be dissolved in 8ml sterile water before addition60.0mg
Filter-sterilised 0.5% phenolphthalein diphosphate solution20.0ml
Filter-sterilised 4.5% FeCl3·6H2O2.0ml

Table A2

Parameters in relation to which methods of analysis must satisfy prescribed characteristics

(1)(2)(3)(4)
ParametersTrueness % of prescribed concentration or value or specificationPrecision % of prescribed concentration or value or specificationLimit of detection % of prescribed concentration or value or specification
(i)

The method of analysis must determine total cyanide in all forms.

(ii)

The performance characteristics apply to each individual pesticide and depends on the pesticide concerned.

(iii)

The performance characteristics apply to the individual substances specified at 25% of the parametric value in Part I of Table B in Schedule 1.

(iv)

The performance characteristics apply to the individual substances specified at 50% of the parametric value in Part I of Table B in Schedule 1.

(v)

The performance characteristics apply to the prescribed value of 4 NTU.

(vi)

The performance characteristics apply to the specification of 1 NTU for water leaving treatment works.

Aluminium101010
Ammonium101010
Antimony252525
Arsenic101010
Benzene252525
Benzo(a)pyrene252525
Boron101010
Bromate252525
Cadmium101010
Chloride101010
Chromium101010
Colour101010
Conductivity101010
Copper101010
Cyanide(i)101010
1,2-dichloroethane252525
Fluoride101010
Iron101010
Lead101010
Manganese101010
Mercury201020
Nickel101010
Nitrate101010
Nitrite101010
Pesticides and related products(ii)252525
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(iii)252525
Selenium101010
Sodium101010
Sulphate101010
Tetrachloroethene(iv)252510
Tetrachloromethane202020
Trichloroethene(iv)252510
Trihalomethanes:252510
Total(iii)
Turbidity(v)101010
Turbidity(vi)252525

Regulation 40(1)

SCHEDULE 6Amendments

(1)(2)(3)(4)
Regulations to be amendedReferencesProvisions to be amendedAmendments to be made
The Legislative and Regulatory Reform (Regulatory Functions) Order 2007(5)S.I. 2007/3544Part 2 of the Schedule, under the heading “Water”For “Water Supply (Water Quality) Regulations 2000” substitute “Water Supply (Water Quality) Regulations 2016”
The Water Quality and Supply (Fees) Order 2016S.I. 2016/303The ScheduleFor “Water Supply (Water Quality) Regulations 2000” substitute “Water Supply (Water Quality) Regulations 2016”

Regulation 40(2)

SCHEDULE 7Revocations

(1)(2)(3)
Regulations revokedReferencesExtent of revocation
The 2000 RegulationsS.I. 2000/3184The whole Regulations
The Water Supply (Water Quality) (Amendment) Regulations 2001(6)S.I. 2001/2885The whole Regulations
The National Health Service Reform and Health Care Professions Act 2002 (Supplementary, Consequential etc. Provisions) Regulations 2002(7)S.I. 2002/2469Schedule 1 Part 2 paragraph 91
The Water Act 2003 (Consequential and Supplementary Provisions) Regulations 2005(8)S.I. 2005/2035Regulations 3, 10 and 20
The Water Supply (Water Quality) (Amendment) Regulations 2007(9)S.I. 2007/2734The whole Regulations
The Legislative and Regulatory Reform (Regulatory Functions) Order 2007S.I. 2007/3544The references in Part 2 of the Schedule, under the heading “Water”, to—
(a) the Water Supply (Water Quality) Regulations 2001; and
(b) the Water Supply (Water Quality) (Amendment) Regulations 2001
The Water Supply Regulations 2010(10)S.I. 2010/991The whole Regulations
The National Treatment Agency (Abolition) and the Health and Social Care Act 2012 (Consequential, Transitional and Savings Provisions) Order 2013(11)S.I. 2013/235Paragraph 43 of Schedule 2
The Construction Products Regulations 2013S.I. 2013/1387Paragraph 3 of Schedule 5
(1)

See sections 17A and 219(1) of the Act for the meaning of “licensed water supplier”. This definition is prospectively repealed by paragraph 120 of Schedule 7 to the Water Act 2014 from a date to be appointed.

(3)

Where appropriate gross beta activity may be replaced by residual beta activity after subtraction of the K-40 activity concentration.

(4)

OJ No L 159, 29.6.1996, p 1, which is prospectively repealed by Council Directive 2013/59/Euratom (OJ No L 13, 17.1.2014, p 1) from 6th February 2018.

(5)

There are amendments not relevant to these Regulations.

(6)

Amended by S.I. 2007/2734.

(7)

There are amendments not relevant to these Regulations.

(8)

Amended by S.I. 2007/2734.

(9)

Amended by S.I. 2013/1387.

(10)

Amended by S.I. 2016/618.

(11)

There are amendments not relevant to these Regulations.

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